A some point in the past, someone over on AR15.com contacted Bushmaster (the real Remington R-15 manufacturer) concerning this very question. Bushmaster said that although the R-15 barrel is marked .223, the chamber actually has hybrid dimensions making the use of .556 ammunition acceptable and safe. My guess is that some other AR manufactures play the same game for safety' sake. The only way to know for sure is to contact the manufacturer yourself (Bushmaster, not Remington), or make a chamber cast. When Remington is questioned, they always say to only use ammo that matches the markings on the barrel.
BTW, I have an R-15 and love it. I coyote hunt a lot, and found the camo finish, 18" barrel, floated handguard, and no muzzle break suited my needs better than anything else I could find at the time. This was when all AR prices are higher than they are now. The local coyotes wish I had left the rifle in the store rack.