hmphragh : you can fit an IC into an RFID tag, even a passive one. I'm not sure what current limitations are. Theoretically, you could have an entire computer in a tag, it's just not possible with current tech. Power comes from the electromagnetic field in the reader, which is used to induce a current in the antenna in the tag. A capacitor in the tag and a voltage regulator are also in it. That's enough juice to run a tiny, low wattage IC for a fraction of a second, enough to do things like comparisons and math and so forth.
My method won't work, you're right. It would have to be more sophisticated than that. However, it can be done. The safe's 128 bit code would have to vary based upon time or something, and so would the response. That way your attack wouldn't work, since the code you got from the tag later would not be correct for the current time. (the safe would have an internal time counter that started when the safe was first plugged in, it would not have to be user set)
Anyways, this is all moot. Fact is, if someone is able to break into your house, put a reader near your safe, find you, put a reader near your hand....then a pistol isn't going to stop them. The safe doesn't have to be absolutely perfect, just good enough that YOU can always get into it, and others can't without specialized equipment or just cutting it. We're not protecting the hope diamond here, we're keeping a pistol that isn't worth more than a grand from falling into the wrong hands that might use it to shoot someone. Your kid won't be able to play with it, your wife won't be able to grab it and blow you away if she's mad at you Tiger woods style, a burglar won't be able to take it without cutting the safe, and the cops won't be able to get to it without a warrant. (being in a locked safe, they'll need a warrant specifically stating that whatever they are looking for might be in there.)