With Indiana changing the hunting laws to allow some rifle cartridges this year, what is the safe distance for shooting a 243 from an elevated stand? For instance if you are shooting at deer under 200 yards is it dangerous if there is a house 600 yards away? Half mile away? 1 mile away? Trying to get an idea for safe ranges. Obviously shooting torwards a house is a bad idea but there are few places in central Indiana without a house or barn within a reasonable distance.
The only time I'll take a shot in an area like you describe is when I have a good backstop. It doesn't have to be a huge hill, a steep sided creek or cutbank six or eight feet high with loam or sandy soil is enough to stop even a .50 BMG AP bullet if you're shooting into the bank from an elevated position. As always, use common sense. The creek bank behind an elementary school isn't a good backstop, no matter how high, steep and sandy it might be.
I'm not familiar with your area, but even land that appears flat usually has cuts, draws and creeks in it. In my experience, deer, especially big bucks, tend to use these low areas as travel routes. Keep this in mind when placing your stand, and if it's legal in your area, use feeders or food plots to draw and hold them into areas where they'll offer a safe, effective shot.
If you do not have a hill or dense forest behind your target a 243 will go along way,
In my opinion, standing timber, no matter how dense, is NOT a safe backstop.
Depending on conditions, I might consider a single large tree as a safe backstop, but never a forest in general.