Shortcomings of Pump Shotgun Shown in 1986 Miami FBI Shootout?

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Dear THR Shotgunners,

Every so often I review the notes on that horrible 1986 FBI shootout in Miami. In doing so recently, I noted the fact that the two men armed with pump shotguns were not able to produce the devastating effect hoped for with such powerful weapons. I wonder if this experience pointed the spotlight on some of the pump shotgun's shortcomings. If so, I wonder how we can best use that knowledge.

Here's the link I'm working from for this information:
http://www.firearmstactical.com/briefs7.htm

Matix, one of the bad guys, was armed with a pump shotgun loaded with #6 birdshot. Early in the engagement, he leaned out the driver's door and fired to the rear of the car, hitting only the grill of the car behind which agents were sheltering. He was then injured in both arms, and did not fire any weapon the rest of the time. Of course we are all glad of this in this bad guy's case, but it's easy to picture a police officer in a similar situation.

Mireles, one of the FBI agents, was armed with an 870 loaded with five rounds of 2 3/4" 9-pellet 00 buckshot. Wounded in one forearm early in the fight, he had great trouble holding, and especially cycling, the shotgun. Eventually, he did get off all five shots, but only late in the fight and slowly. From 25 feet, the first shot hit Platt's feet as he entered a car. The rest hit the windshield and window, and did not hit the two badguys, who were slumping down in the front seat. It does seem that the rounds fired into the car kept Platt pinned down long enough for his wounds to immobilize him.

It seems that one of the shortcomings of the pump gun that showed itself in this incident is difficulty of working the action in cramped quarters or when injured. Handguns, semi-auto long guns, or maybe even SxS shotguns, would seemingly be easier to cycle in such cases. Would Matix and/or Mireles have been more effective if armed with a weapon easier to cycle?

Perhaps another shortcoming is the real or perceived inability of buckshot to penetrate barriers such as car doors. Aiming first under the door, then above it, Mireles evidently considered the door an effective barrier to the buckshot. Would it have been? Does buckshot, being round lead pellets, penetrate barriers poorly compared with handgun or rifle bullets? I know that unintended penetration of drywall is a concern regarding accidentally hitting innocent bystanders, and buckshot will sail through drywall just like bullets do. But what about when the bad guy fires at homeowner or police officer from behind a car door, house door, dining table, etc.?

Well, thanks for reading my ideas. I look forward to reading the insight of others.

LBS

DISCLAIMER: No pump shotgun hate is involved here. A Defender loaded with buckshot is at the ready in my own bedroom.
 
12 ga Penetration Tests
SAE 1010 .138" steel plate
Load 7 yd 25 yd
000 Buck N N
00 Buck N N
1 Buck N N
4 Buck N N
1 oz Foster Slug P D
450 gr Sabot Slug P P
P = Penetrated
D = Dented
N = No Effect


Wounds can render any weapon ineffective, so it's got nothing to do with it being a shotgun.

Matix was an idiot. Birdshot is for birds, and he couldn't hit jack_ anyway.

Buckshot penetration will always depend on range, the material shot into, and the construction of the same. Car doors have the steel skin, interior bracing, window tracks and mechanism, the window (if down), inner skin, and padded interior panel. Buckshot may/may not make it through all that depending on range, window down or not, and car door angle to the shooter.

Buckshot is not the ideal defensive load in all situations, but may times it does just fine. Car doors aren't the ideal when it comes to cover, but they may do in a pinch. It surely beats pulling a John Wayne and standing in the open.
 
Matix, one of the bad guys, was armed with a pump shotgun loaded with #6 birdshot. Early in the engagement, he leaned out the driver's door and fired to the rear of the car, hitting only the grill of the car behind which agents were sheltering. He was then injured in both arms, and did not fire any weapon the rest of the time. Of course we are all glad of this in this bad guy's case, but it's easy to picture a police officer in a similar situation.

Matix's lack of effectiveness was not because he fired a pump shotgun. His lack of effectiveness was in that he used a pistol grip shotgun that he failed to properly aim and used birdshot. It doesn't matter what weapon you use if you don't aim it properly.

His direction of fire was difficult for any longer gun. He was shooting to the rear from the driver's side window which was not an ideal direction for him to fire.

The other problem and the clincher was that he was rendered unconscious early in the fight. This came after being hit in his forearm and retreating back into his vehicle. It would not matter what gun he was using. Once unconscious, he would not have been able to use it effectively. He was rendered unconscious by the second shot that hit him which was to the head. The first shot was to the arm. The other arm wasn't shot.
http://www.firearmstactical.com/briefs7.htm


It seems that one of the shortcomings of the pump gun that showed itself in this incident is difficulty of working the action in cramped quarters or when injured. Handguns, semi-auto long guns, or maybe even SxS shotguns, would seemingly be easier to cycle in such cases. Would Matix and/or Mireles have been more effective if armed with a weapon easier to cycle?

I don't see how a SxS shotgun would necessarily be an improvement. With just two rounds, reloading would be a bugger to reload and it holds less rounds.

Mireles was able to cycle his shotguns one-handed. Yes it was slow. How well would he have been able to reload a double barrel shotgun without the use of one hand?

Why was Mireles using the shotgun? He had expended all of his rounds from his revolver.

Had Mireles been armed by a SxS shotgun, he would have been less effective. He would have fired his two shots and then been unable to reload it in a timely manner.

It is interesting that you mention ammo in the shotguns as a shortcoming of the shotguns. #6 birdshot isn't a great round for stopping people at distance and not good for stopping vehicles. That isn't a shortcoming of the shotgun.

00 Buck isn't a shortcoming either. Would buckshot penetrate cars or other barriers better than handgun rounds? It depends. Had the combatants used slugs, the situation would have been somewhat different for the FBI. Matix still would have missed hitting any agents given that he fired into the grill of their car. However for Mireles, his rounds would have penetrated the autobody just fine.

If you don't use the correct ammo for a given need, regardless of platform, you likely won't get the results you want.

It is surprising that you suggested handguns as a possible alternative to the shotgun. Given the performance of handguns in the fight, I would have thought that you would have been arguing how ineffective they were.

Obviously, the top performing gun in the fight was the Ruger Mini-14, but it wasn't so much that it performed well, but was used extremely well by a Platt. Between all the folks involved in the fight, Platt seemed to be the only one who was actually ready for the fight. Matix may have been as well, but that ended quickly. Unlike the FBI agents, Platt didn't have his guns in cases in the back seat or trunk of his car. He didn't loose his guns during the collisions. He didn't lose his eye glasses. He didn't have his spare ammo for his Mini-14 still in a box.

Platt and Matix came ready to fight. The FBI agents did not. They were not supposed to be the ones to take down Platt and Matix. Those guys were several miles away. Had the takedown team been involved, things probably would have gone very differently.
 
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Obviously, the top performing gun in the fight was the Ruger Mini-14, but it wasn't so much that it performed well, but was used extremely well by a Platt. Between all the folks involved in the fight, Platt seemed to be the only one who was actually ready for the fight. Matix may have been as well, but that ended quickly. Unlike the FBI agents, Platt didn't have his guns in cases in the back seat or trunk of his car. He didn't loose his guns during the collisions. He didn't lose his eye glasses. He didn't have his spare ammo for his Mini-14 still in a box.

Platt and Matix came ready to fight. The FBI agents did not. They were not supposed to be the ones to take down Platt and Matix. Those goes were several miles away. Had the takedown team been involved, things probably would have gone very differently.

A lot of truth here. Those FBI agents were normal men doing a difficult job. Not stone cold killers like Platt and Matix. Hind sight is always 20-20 and to their credit the FBI took a hard look at went wrong there and shared their findings with LE community. It's just another reason why patrol rifles are replacing shotguns today. Even with a patrol rifle going up against someone with the mindset and training of someone like Platt would still be very hazardous.
 
A Sidesaddle or butt cuff with half a dozen Brenneke slugs in it could have massively changed the dynamic of the shotgun's effectiveness in that fight. Even with only one hand functioning, it is possible to load slugs into a shotgun. And there is little chance a hard alloy, heavy slug wouldn't make it through a car door as well as whoever was on the other side of the door.

Have you trained/practiced running your pumpgun with only one hand/arm? Got slugs handy on the gun?
 
Being an armchair expert, take this with a grain of salt.

Watching a sniper competition show, they mentioned how hard it is for a bullet (never mind shot) to penetrate a glass windshield. Even if it does, due to the heavy slant of modern windshields it deflects the bullet upward, so even if it does penetrate, it may miss miss the target. Shotgun slugs would certainly penetrate, but even they'll be deflected upward somewhat.
 
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Perhaps another shortcoming is the real or perceived inability of buckshot to penetrate barriers such as car doors.

Why do you say this like there's some question? Buckshot is for shooting soft targets.

Shotguns, IMHO, are mainly for in case trouble finds you. If you're going looking for trouble I'd rather bring a rifle.
 
I'd rather bring a rifle.

Ever shoot a junk car with 5.56/.223? If you get a chance to try it, a silhouette target cut out of scrap plywood will give you an idea of just how much of the bullet gets through, with enough oomph left to do some real damage.
 
I can't help but wonder if a guy like Platt is the exception rather than the rule when it comes to armed suspects. That guy sustained a lot of tissue trauma and kept on fighting.

He isn't the exception so much as he is in a limited group. The reason for failure to stop drills and the like isn't because of exceptionally rare bad guy encounters, but because of quite a few failed to stop bad guy encounters. In many cases, such encounters are with suspects on various drugs.

IIRC, both were Vietnam veterans and Platt had a considerable amount of combat experience. No doubt he understood and had the mindset that the helicopters were not coming in for a pickup, capture was out of the question, and that the only way out of the situation was to fight his way out. He was very goal-oriented and determined.
 
I can't help but wonder if a guy like Platt is the exception rather than the rule when it comes to armed suspects

If Platt wasn't the exception, and was in fact the rule, we'd have trouble getting anyone to serve in law enforcement. But there are a few real nightmare folks out there on the wrong side of the law, I know of two genuine Tier One operators who crossed the line... don't ever assume that if your turn comes at Criminal Roulette, you'll be facing a coward who's in his first rodeo. You might get the equivalent of Platt - or worse.
 
A lot of media testing on my part, plus the accounts of others who've used buckshot loaded 12 gauges in the line of duty, STRONGLY suggest that they are, in highly technical terminology, "weaksauce" when it comes to barrier penetration.

The pellets might penetrate a car door or other given but its usually pretty appearant that they've lost a lot of their velocity and structural integrity on the way in.

That can be a very good thing when it comes to minimizing the downrange hazard to innocent parties, but not so much if you've got to take a threat out of the fight through a barrier, pronto.

Slugs, especially "hard" slugs, are of course a different animal.
 
@ Youngster:

Okay, so what?

Shooting through a barrier will always cause deviation or loss of energy to a projectile. I confess that I can't really get at what the point of this discussion is. Choice of ammo or sidearm is moot, unless you bring in rifles which WILL do the job, but not on every stakeout team's trunk loadout, especially in 1986.

Trying to say the FBI screwed up with their arm choices? Been hashed out already, and the 40 S&W is the result. Leaving your weapon lying on the car seat is always a bad idea. Doing a car stop in the sort of half-***ed way the FBI did that one is going to go against you if it drops in the fire. And it did.

Platt and Mattix had been stealing weapons from civilians at deserted shooting spots and murdering the victims. They were well armed and determined not to be captured and had some military level training and experience.

I've shot up a number of old cars just for the experience with a variety of rounds and guns. 223 will go through a car longways and remain somewhat effective. 00 buckshot (9-pellet) will go through a door and cause harm but the pellets are flattened and energy is lost. Auto glass is a tough barrier, at least for the first round until the safety glass shatters in a side or rear window. A laminated windscreen is a pain no matter how many times you shoot it. BIRDshot, no matter what, is a very poor defensive arm. Unless you are within 6 feet of the car it will NOT penetrate the metal. It makes a helluva dent but just disintegrates. At under 6' #7.5 birdshot will start to penetrate but there is no energy, it will stick in the door panel or seat and really not be anything but annoying to the target. When standing on the roof firing down into the trunk I was able to blow a hole I could almost reach through into the trunk lid- but again, it did very little damage to items I had placed in the trunk.
 
I'm a fan of the pump gun but if you're an agent looking for trouble, why not slugs?

I just have to wonder:

In 1986, the common arms available were:

Uzi 9mm with 32 round magazines
M16 and CAR 16 in 5.56 with 30 round magazines
AK47 and variants in 7.62x39 with 30 round magazines
1911 in .45 ACP
.357 magnum (which apparently was in use, but lost in the fight)
12 gauge SLUGS from pump or semi-auto shotgun
Tokarev pistols in 7.62x25mm with 8 or 9 round mags
Thompson SMGs in .45 with stick mags

And on and on...

So why in the world were the agencies under-gunned???
 
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"......one of Dove's 9 mm rounds hit his right upper arm and went on to penetrate his chest, stopping an inch away from his heart. The autopsy found Platt’s right lung was collapsed and his chest cavity contained 1.3 liters of blood, suggesting damage to the main blood vessels of the right lung."
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1986_FBI_Miami_shootout

No one told him to lay down and die.

Bleacher opinion: Wrong team, insufficient training, out gunned, and more bad luck than they deserved.

"Just prior to ramming the Monte Carlo, Manauzzi had pulled out his service revolver and placed it on the seat in anticipation of a shootout,[7] but the force of the collision flung open his door and sent his weapon flying. Hanlon lost his .357 Magnum service revolver during the initial collision, though he was still able to fight with his Smith & Wesson Model 36 backup gun. The collision knocked off Grogan's eye glasses, making it impossible for him to see."
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1986_FBI_Miami_shootout
 
I cannot stress HARD pellets enough. Plated 000 Buckshot (Magnum IIRC) penetrates car doors at 60 yards and beyond. Right tool for the right job.
 
Although neither perp had any drugs in their system; they were on drugs! Adrenaline makes a person a damage sponge. Once the adrenaline hits it becomes much harder to drop someone. Any deer hunter who has failed to DRT an animal and had to track it for a couple of miles knows this one.

Also, the FBI agents who had 357 magnums had chambers stoked with 38 +P (158 gr. Lead SWCHP)...every one of them.

Only two agents had any body armor on and it was light armor; I can't verify but it would either be Level II or Level IIA. Not even enough to stop a 223.

Poor tactics, poor mindset, and bad result.

The 9mm 115 gr. silver tip that stopped 1 inch short of the heart was villified as a failure but Platt was shot 12 times before he was dispatched. Figure that the bullet went through 3.5" to 5" of arm before entering the chest cavity. The bullet was already semi expanded before passing through clothing and entering the torso. But the autopsy proved Platt was pretty well on his way to bled out when he died. It goes to prove that mind set plays an important role in surviving a gun fight.
 
I was on the street the day that FBI/Dade county fiasco occurred. Most of us in law enforcement back then reviewed and reviewed that incident over and over. Some of us took action and radically changed our training routines.... One of the outcomes was that most departments in south Florida came to realize that an SRT or SWAT (or whatever you call it) is the best unit to deal with this kind of potential threat. As a result my own department did its best to have them on any scene where a takedown of serious heavy offenders was anticipated. The worst jackpots come from situations you can't anticipate. That day, the FBI, at least knew exactly what they were dealling with. They just never guessed how bad it would become.

The original question in this thread dealt with whether the weapons were adequate to the task... with proper tactics they certainly were. Without proper tactics you could bring the heaviest weapons available and still fail miserably.....

Put simply, the good guys had the weapons they needed. What they lacked was the best tactics (to put it mildly) and there weren't any fully blooded guys on the scene. Once you've been in a weapons hot situation, particularly after putting down an opponent your decisiveness in an armed encounter goes way up. The inhibitions that most officers carry with them day to day are tough to overcome. I may not be saying this in a politically correct fashion, but it's a miracle more of the good guys that day weren't killed outright. They forced the issue at close quarters without a clear plan on how to put down their opponents. I don't think any of them expected to encounter a stone cold suicidal shooter at close quarters..... Thank the lord that one of them was out of the fight almost immediately. The one able to attack was bad enough.
 
The lesson I've taken from this incident after revisiting it many times is that handguns are a last ditch defensive weapon only. If All the FBI agents rolled out of their cars with pump shotguns stoked with 00 buckshot, things would have been different. But they brought revolvers to a rifle fight.
 
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