Something went wrong during staining my stock... help!

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So with Pure Tung Oil i don't need to mix it with anything before application? How come TO doesn't form a film?

Also, once all the TO coats are complete, do I need to add something on top to finish off the stock? Wax or some sort of water sealer? Or do all the TO coats act as that seal?
 
Pure tung oil will eventually form a film, but it will look and feel more like a gummy residue than a clear coat. When its not applied in excess, the finish is just what has penetrated the surface of the wood. I find it wears better than films and tends to be more water resistant, though that is so relative that its hardly worth arguing about :D - the reason I say that is because it's softer and more flexible, and not a film, so it won't crack as the wood swells. Wood will pick up water vapor and swell regardless of the finish you use. In the extreme, films tend to crack and flake - though gunstocks rarely seem to see that kind of extreme.

The main advantage is that if you want a nice satin finish, it's about the easiest to apply and maintain. You can put a glossier film oil over the tung if you want, or you can wax it, or just leave it as it is. Wax will make it shiny, but not as much as Tru-oil, and will also need to be renewed now and then.

You don't need to add anything to the tung oil. I'm not familiar with the brand you're using, the two I use regularly are fairly thick and don't smell like an added solvent (like paint thinner). It'd probably be a good idea to do some test pieces and see how your finish behaves. Some "tung oil finish" products have lots of driers added that make them behave more like Tru-oil, and a lot less like what I'm describing. There's no real advantage one way or the other IMHO, I use both types on a regular basis, but they both require different techniques.

Clear as mud? Like I said, some test boards would be a good idea, hardwood rather than a 2x4 if you have some. Or you could put a couple coats on the stock and see what you get. If it starts acting like polyurethane around the third coat, then you'd want to buff and tack between coats, but if it acts like a cutting board and veg. oil then just keep working in each coat with fingers or a rag and wiping off any excess.
 
Tung, or any other drying oil, does produce a film. If it didn't then it would be no good as a finish. But the film is down in the wood at first and then builds to a varnish like coating with successive coats.

Stains,Tung, Tru-Oil or other finishes should be left to dry until you can't smell them strongly. Only then are they ready for the next coat. This time can vary from overnight to a week depending on the oil being used and what it's formuated with. I've used raw tung oil on food carrying wood bowls and plates and it takes a good week of shop time or about 2 days in the bright summer sun to polymerize to where it's able to be considered as "dry". Dry is in quotes because oils do NOT dry, they convert through an oxidizing process of polymerization due to contact with the oxygen of the air to a new form that is a hard resin. In effect they "rust" until dry to the touch :D Chemicals called "dryers" can be added to them to help speed the process.

The same with the gel stain used on the OP's stock. You'll want to wait until you can't smell a significant odor from the stain before proceeding. And to ease your mind the oil finish you're going to apply SHOULD even out whatever blotchiness you still have. But in the pictures it's actually looking pretty good. There's nothing wrong with a bit of a darker colour in the areas that have more end grain. This is just the nature of wood and the same thing would happen if you didn't stain it at all and just oil finished the raw birch. Your side grain areas look nicely even so I think you did just fine.

I'm not a fan of leaving oil finishes to dry from a wet film. It takes forever to dry and they tend to end up blotchy looking. I agree with those that say it's important to apply lots at first as it'll soak in. But unlike Fireman I do not suggest you leave it as a wet film to dry. Instead as suggested by others leave it to soak in for about 20 to 30 minutes and then wipe off the excess and buff heavily to leave only the oil that is IN the wood along with a very thin surface film that would not come off anyhow. Allow to dry until you can't notice the stronger smell. THEN recoat with oil using a small blob of 0000 steel wood to aggresively work it. Allow that wet film to soak in for about 15 minutes and then buff off the excess with rags or paper towels again. Continue this second course of action for about 5 to 7 coats. By then it'll look amazing.

But it doesn't end there. There's an old adage among wood finishers that work with finishing oils. Once a day for a week. Once a week for a month. Once a month for a year. Once a year for the rest of your life. And yes, it's as true now as it was in the 1500's when alchemists brewed up finishes for wood finishers between rounds of trying to turn lead into gold.... :D
 
These are not necessarily pure tung oil and may behave more like tru-oil than pure tung oil. Gets awfully complicated when you throw in marketing names

Absolutely! I use the Formby's TO finish becuase it's easier to work with than pure TO, but is as resilient or more so in my experience. The Formby's is very similar to Tru-Oil, but significantly cheaper.

Mickeydim, I finally got enough time to look at your photos, very sharp work indeed! I like the photos taking us all the way through the process step-by-step. You did a fantastic job of documenting the whole process. It's always so nice to see someone putting the Internet to a good use :)

KR
 
Thanks KR!

I figured, who best to write about working a stock for the first time, if not the first timer! I still need to write the article and try to get it hosted, but I figured if anyone can learn from my newbie experiences, and it helps them avoid some of the pitfalls I ran into, then why not! I am by far and away no professional at this, and I will not be for many years, if ever, but I certainly loved doing the work. It was fun, and rewarding. I think that Dakota is coming along just fine on his project, it is looking great! It seems he feels about like I do about doing this work too!

Mikey!
 
So I put on the first coat of Tung Oil and it's been drying for 24+ hours, it looks nice! I got some 0000 steel wool to buff and I'll apply the 2nd coat today.

Just for all you wondering what I used for the second staining attempt, what was called X-3D Gel Stain in Mahogany is actually now branded as Varathane Gel Stain. From my understanding Varathane seems to be a pretty good brand. I think Rust-Oleum owns them.

Anyways, I will take some pictures after a few more coats of TO.

Btw, there are some rough spots in the finish, kind of like bumpy parts, do I just smooth these out with steel wool?
 
Btw, there are some rough spots in the finish, kind of like bumpy parts, do I just smooth these out with steel wool?

Yep, but it doesn't hurt to try to figure out where they are coming from to prevent it in the future. Could it be bits of dust that landed on the stock while it was drying? Or just some rough wood on the stock?

Either way it doesn't really matter. Just rub them down with the steel wool until its smooth and give it a few more coats.
 
Okay so here are some pics after 3 coats of Tung Oil. Just added the fourth one today and it's drying. The blotchy spots on the grip are thinning out and blending in nicely with the rest of the stock.

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Okay, one thing I did wrong was not keep the butt plate on the rifle during sanding, so I tested the fit today and some areas don't fit too well. Do I just sand the butt plate down with sand paper? Any recommendations?
 
Purdy stock ! Nice work. I'm assuming your butt plate is plastic or hard rubber? If you have a scribe, install the plate and scribe the plate to guide you as you take it down to match the new contours of the stock.
 
Alright thanks for the idea, so I'll just figure out where the excess material is on the plastic butt plate when screwed onto the stock, mark the borders, and sand down to it.
 
If your rough spots are like those shown in the last picture near the end of the stock, it looks like you might be rushing it a little bit. Oil type finishes work by dissolving a bit of the previous coat and melting into it. It looks like it might be getting gummy there. I know it's hard, but be extra patient at this step. Steel wool might smooth it but it won't flatten it. The tops and the bottoms of the bumps will get equally removed. I'd use some fine sandpaper on a stick and lightly knock the tops of the bumps off.

As far as the buttplate goes, be careful not to use a rough grit all the way to the proper size. I don't know how much you have to remove but you want to end up using some 1000 grit or such for the final sizing. If you do it all with 120 grit you'll obviously be left with 120 grit scratches. You might get by with installing the buttplate and taping the stock. Carefully sand the plate down until you start hitting the tape. Then remove the plate and finish with a fine grit paper.

And finally, not to be critical but simply to illustrate some points made earlier. It's hard to find all the sanding scratches from one grit to the next. It's guaranteed they will show up after staining. Another reason I like dyes is that you can use a very dilute wash between sanding grits and the scratches will be revealed and easily removed. Food for thought for your next project.

All in all, not bad for a rookie.
 
One thing that works for me is to use leather dye instead of stains...you can apply it and thin it to to what ever shade you what just buy wiping it down with alcohol or to hide a lot of scratches or repairs i blend two stains..dark stains in the bottom grain,sand down till upper grain is exposed,now use lighter dye..agree in that on fore end tips and pistol grip butts scrapping or burnishing with fine steel wool is better than sanding.
 
Today I put on the 5th coat of Tung Oil after a 4 day break. To the touch, it was still sticky on the 4th coat. I steel wool'd it till it was less sticky and applied the 5th coat.

Does the stickiness mean that there are too many coats on the stock and the wood will not absorb any more? Aka stop applying tung oil?
 
Refinished!

Thanks guys for all the help and advice! I'm very happy with it for my first project. Future projects will be even better with the experience gained! Cheers!

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Very nicely done !!! I've got a Marlin/Glenfield 25. Great shooting little gun. I'm in the middle of a little TLC work for it myself.
 
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