What exactly is incendiary ammo?

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Incendiary is ammo with a small quantity of flammable material in it's core. It's designed to set things on fire. Most commonly encountered in .50 cal. API and APIT are more common that straight incendiary.

Some links.

http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/munitions/incendiary.htm
Some of the info on that page is incorrect, notably the burn temp for thermite. I think the burn temp of magnesium is off too, but I'll hafta double check.

http://www.clairewolfe.com/wolfesblog/00001429.html
 
I believe they generally use phosphorus as the incendiary material.

I've seen some interesting incendiary rounds at collectors' shows, including some WWI stuff designed for use on blimps/zeppelins. The bullets had a step in them kind of like a wadcutter, and phosphorus inside the core. I was told that the step was there to cut a circular hole in the vessel's skin, which would leak gas much faster than a ragged hole from normal FMJ ammo.
 
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