Interesting question. I've found that I don't really have a maximum distance with irons that I enjoy (I've only tried up to 600 yards, though), but I do have a minimum distance with centerfire rifles: 200 yards. To me, the point of a rifle is to own that 200–600 yard zone. That said, I make sure to check out where a rifle shoots at 50 and 100 when I first get it.
With rimfire rifles I'll do 50–150 yards, even 200 sometimes. Pistols 3–50 yards. Shotguns 3–100.
While I've taken shooting training, I've never had a shooting mentor or philosophy or anything like that, I just do what I like and avoid what I don't. I like irons and reactive targets (cans, gongs, etc.), I hate short ranges and I really hate shooting from a bench. The "one ragged hole" idea has never blown my skirt up—I care more about knocking the target down or ringing the gong. It all adds up to what I said above.