Trees and other obstacles and backstops, terrain, distance, elevation and relief differential (whether due to terrain or hunting from elevated positions like a tree stand), target ID, accurate fire, firearm used, knowing who/what is in the area, safety measures like high visibility clothing on public land, safe gun handling skills, and common sense all work together to make hunting safer for everyone concerned. Statistically speaking, the walk in/out and out due to physical limitations and natural hazards and the use of tree stands are the most unsafe parts of most hunting outings. I have heard that turkey hunting and hunting for birds like quail are the types of hunting where someone is most likely to be shot by accident, due to things like use of camo and hunting in a group walking where a bird may pop up at any time in the middle of everyone, and I believe it. In either of these cases, shotguns and small shot are what is used.