Here we go again.....................
Use a 55gr or heavier "expanding" soft point bullet......
Shoot the deer "where he lives"; heart, lungs, spine, brain........
=>Dead deer.
I've killed over 150 deer with .22cf's. Loss rate has been less than with .24" and larger due to EXCESSIVELY TOUGH bullets that didn't expand. ie:7mm/08 with bullets designed and/or intended for 7-mags.
This year I lost two of three deer I shot with a recently aquired .243 before it was stolen. The shots were very close, and "body- center of mass" because they were moving. Bullets to deer walking away into paunch (we in Georgia call it a "Texas heart shot", don't work too well at under 50yds with any high-velocity small caliber rifle.)
Not a slight against the .243, but just to point out that I've got an excellent success rate with the .22cf's.
Only change to the advice to use a 55gr or heavier bullet is with the .22Hornet.
I prefer the Sierra 40gr Varminter HP because it being designed for the .22-250 at velocities exceeding 4,000fps, it holds together quite well in the Hornet at ~3,000fps from a 1/14" (my Ruger m77/22) or older 1/16" twist barrels. I've had excellent success with the excellent Remington 45gr HP loaded to ~2,700-2,800fps out to 185yds to include heart/lung shots.
The dichotomy in experiences and recommendations is with those who HAVE used the .22cf for deer and those who haven't, or have limited but poor experiences.
I was quite doubtful in my early career as a Conservation Officer. But, after witnessing many instances of their use on deer, some exceeding 250lbs dressed weight, I changed my mind.
Most "failures" I've seen have been with either FMJ, or use of lighter than 55gr bullets. First deer I ever shot with a .223 (Ruger mini-14) was with 50gr Remington PHP. Penetration ran around 5" for the 5 shots that I put into it (a smallish 2-1/2yr 8-pt. that dressed ~135lbs). I finished the deer with a .357mag to the head. I was in the "anti-.22cf" crowd for quite a number of years after that.
Contrast that to one I shot 4yrs ago with an Bushmaster "Shorty-AK"- a .223 Carbine with 14.5"bbl w/AK style muzzle brake with a handload with a Hornady 60gr SoftPoint at 2,900fps. Entry wound was to center of neck at bottom of white neck patch. Bullet exited back of neck, re-entered the shoulder, broke the scapula (shoulder blade), exited the shoulder, re-entered the left "ham", broke the head of femur (ball of the ball socket in hip), and exited the "cheek" of the butt. Three entry and three exit wounds. With the busted neck the deer was DRT, but made an impressive "spin" as he went down. Shot was "stepped" off at 27yds.
Two weeks later, I had switched to my H-Bar upper and the Sierra 63gr SMP. At a range of 225yds (lased), I took down a smallish doe (90lbs) through the shoulder/spine. DRT. Bullet exited with a 1" diameter exit wound. About like a 170gr RN from my .30/30.
(Yeah, I use a LOT of different rifles to hunt with. This year, more fell to the old .30/30 because I got a bad case of tendonitis in my left arm, and most of the hunting where I'm hunting is walking open piney woods contasted to "culling" does on fields and cut-overs in past years)
Back to the .22cf's........
Two months later, I used a Hornady Bulk-pack 55gr SP w/cannulure over 27.0gr of BL-C2 to drop another yearling at a lased 317yds. I held on the spine and took off the top of the heart. 2" exit wound left adequate blood trail to find the deer after 30yd blood trail.
Again.................. 55gr or heavier bullet + >Shot placement, >Shot placement, >Shot Placement...............
This year my only ".22cf" kill was with a newly aquired Rem. 700 in .22-250 with 55gr Corlokt. A "factory load" at that !!! BTW, it chrono's at over 3,800fps and craters primers in my rifle!!! A "HOT" factory load, but not too accurate (1.5"-2" @100yds) 250yd shot to heart resulted in 40yd dash to eternity.
Again.............. 55gr or heavier bullet + >Shot placement, >Shot placement, >Shot Placement...............