Convertible guns
Ruger (in particular) has been selling a convertible SA revolvers for many years. .22LR/.22Mag, .357(.38)/9mm, and .45Colt/.45ACP.
The guns use seperate cylinders, one for each cartridge.
Loading .45 ACP ammo in a .45 Colt will not work. The .45 Colt case is .007 larger in diameter at the mouth, and considerably (.387) longer. .45ACP will fall too far forward in the chamber (almost 1/2 inch) beyond the reach of the firing pin. I checked some of my pistols (Ruger Blackhawk and T/C Contender), and this was always the case.
If you could get the case to stay in position for firing, it would likely split or bulge badly on firing. .45 Auto rim brass will not work either. While the rim keeps the case from going in too deep, it is too thick to work in any .45 Colt guns I have seen.
In short, it won't work, don't try it.
Hope this helps