The 8mm Mauser preceeded the 30-06.
It was the first modern rimless smokless rifle cartridge that was adopted by a major power, Germany.
The original M88 configuration shot a round nosed bullet. Germany adopted a new version of the M88 cartridge in 1905 as the 7.92x57mm IS ( 'Infanterie, Spitz' or 'Infantry, Pointed'). The Infantry designation was to differentiate the light bullet from the heavy bullet, used in Maxim Machine guns of the time. Back then, Machineguns were used in support,shooting over troops beating zones in front of advancing infantry, and performing alot of artillery like missions.The heavier bullets flew further in these applications.
Its 1905 improvement with a 'Spitzer' bullet ( pointed, no longer rounded) was also copied, in its relative form first as the ".30-'03" which was adopted to replace the .30-40Krag cartrige and rifles with the Springfeild M1903.(The rifle was actually adopted 1905)
In 1906, the German 8MM Spitzer demonstrated enough of an upgrade for the U.S. to adopt a design of our own, the ".30-'06" Springfeild round
.
Hence, the 8MM Mauser is the grandaddy of all sorts of modern rimless cartridges; .30-03, .30-'06, .243W, .270W, 7.62X51Nato and its civilian twin ,.308W, as well as .22-250, ect. ect.
They all have the same case head mesurement, and can interchange bolt heads without modifycations, and thats why Mausers were, and still are popular to rebarrel in popular calibers.
Case Lengths are the biggest differences.
And to think the Russians up graded the .7.62X54r from round nosed to Spitz in '06 and its STILL in combat, Today