Ammo? Maybe I’m wrong.

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Right, because it still had blood & adrenaline pumping through the heart. It took 200 yards for it to "run out of breath". Which is my whole point. A simple .22, "It wheel kill!". But it may take a bit more to STOP a 275 lb. guy on drugs, with a machete coming at you in December, who's wearing a long wool coat with a few layers underneath.
 
Here are my thoughts on ammo for defensive uses:
It doesn’t really matter very much. There, I said it. Let me explain my thoughts.
Bullet placement is what really matters, everything else is secondary. The extra .04” of expansion matters little if you hit nothing vital. The extra 2” of penetration matters little if you hit nothing vital. The extra power of a larger caliber matters little if you don’t put it where it can do it’s job.

I have said the same thing for a long time. I used to drink the Hollow Point kool Aid when I first started shooting and reading gun magazines. I believed what I read about hollow points being the only ammo you should use. Now not so much. I will use hollow points but am just as happy with a good hard SWC bullet. For me I want reliability, accuracy and then penetration. If a HP opens up then its a bonus. Through history round balls and round nosed bullets have stopped a lot of fights. And many times the person shot died from their wounds.

I was talking to a man whose house I was inspecting for storm damage and he told me he had been shot once. He owned some cows and he and a friend went to check on the cows and when he pulled up there was someone in the gate with a cattle trailer loading some of his cows up. He went to confront the thief and the thief pulled out a gun and pointed it at the owner. He said he spun just as the thief fired and the bullet, a round nose 38 went through his left arm and into his left chest and went out above his left nipple.

He stated at the shot he said it felt like he was on fire. He knew he was shot but not sure where. He said he was covered in blood. So much for the statement someone else made about RN bullets making holes that closed back up. He and his friend rushed to the hospital. The shooter was so scared he just sat in his truck and waited for the police. The shooter spent 8 years in jail for attempted murder. The man who was shot is a gun person and knew exactly what round he was shot with. According to him being shot with just a simple round nose lead bullet was not a pleasant experience.
 
IMHO, the best self defense handgun and ammo is the handgun and ammo that most closely approximates the handgun and ammunition issued to the local police department in the city where you may or may not go to trial after shooting someone in self defense. Bigger is better, there's no doubt about it, but it isn't really necessary. Penetration is the key but over penetration unquestionably puts innocent bystanders at risk and puts you at risk when the prosecutor is saying you showed an "utter disregard for human life" by using FMJ ammo that is well known to over penetrate. We literally saw the prosecutor in the Kyle Rittenhouse trial arguing that. The ability to prove an utter disregard for human life is a big deal in a self defense shooting. It demonstrates a "depraved state of mind" and, therefore, criminal intent. So, since we all watched that trial, we all now understand that JHPs are preferred simply because they decrease the risk of over penetration, not because they create a wider permanent wound channel. As far as caliber choice, most LEO agencies use 9mm and there's a reason for that, because 99% of the time, higher capacity is better even at the cost of decreased permanent wound channel diameter. All this being said, if I wasn't concerned about over penetration and I was shooting to kill and not shooting to stop the threat, I would carry my .460 Rowland for sure and a couple extra magazines. But I don't want my bullets passing through my intended target with enough retained energy to injure or kill an innocent bystander and I'm only interested in stopping the threat and I don't feel like I'm walking around in a combat zone full of enemy soldiers every day and for those reasons and the other reasons I mentioned, I feel that most any quality/reliable high cap 9mm handgun loaded with quality factory JHPs is preferable for most any SD encounter you may find yourself in. 10mm/.40 S&W or .357 sig would be fine too I'm sure as would the venerable .45 acp. My preference for 9mm is based strictly on a desire for maximum capacity as the one time I had to draw my gun, there were three of them and one of me and my unarmed wife. I decided that more is better than bigger after that. Oh, and because 9mm is cheapest too and that facilitates more training which is always good and increases your chances of good shot placement.
 
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Accuracy is paramount. After that the extra .03 expansion and or 2 inches more penetration become more needed as the extra blood loss is needed.
 
Penetration is the key but over penetration unquestionably puts innocent bystanders at risk
It is a concern but the head of the firearms training unit for the FBI put that in perspective. When the FBI adopted the 10mm he was asked, in an interview, if he was worried about over penetration. He said that as 80% of rounds fired by law enforcement don't hit their intended target it didn't seem worthwhile to worry about over penetration of those that do.
 
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It is a concern but the head of the firearms training unit for the FBI put that in proper perspective. When the FBI adopted the 10mm he was asked, in an interview, if he was worried about over penetration. He said that as 80% of rounds fired by law enforcement don't hit their intended target it didn't seem worthwhile to worry about over penetration of those that do.
Fair enough but how similar are the typical LEO shootings and the typical civilian DGUs? We know all justifiable homicides tend to occur at close range. The 3 yards, 3 rounds, in 3 seconds "rule of 3" is actually not far from the mark. I'm not saying you can't miss at less than 3 yards, Kyle did with his AR15 when jump kick man was jumping on top of him. I don't think I would have missed. But Rosenbaum was within arm's reach basically and Grosskreutz was within 3 yards. The majority of the surveillance camera footage of various DGU's that I have watched were also at similarly close range. Criminals pretty typically seem to have to get up close to do their job, close enough that missing, though possible, is unlikely.

And all that being said, there's still the case of the overzealous prosecutor trying to portray you as having a guilty mind and an utter disregard for human life so he can undermine the credibility of your self defense plea. It is a matter of public record that the state of Wisconsin feels that the use of FMJ rounds demonstrates a disregard for human life because of their propensity to over penetrate and risk the lives of innocent bystanders. I accept that. FMJ rounds do over penetrate, especially FMJ rifle rounds. We have to assume we too will end up in front of a jury if we use our firearms for self defense, no matter how justifiable and reasonable it appears. For that reason, JHPs are the logical choice especially if you were carrying a rifle in a situation where there will likely be numerous innocent bystanders e.g. Kenosha. We have the government going on the record that it feels the use of JHPs are preferred over other types of rounds for self defense weapons specifically because of the risk of over penetration. That's good enough for me.
 
The HP argument can go either way. Depending on where you are.

In New Jersey, you can’t even carry a Hollow Point.

In many East coast cities, I assure you the prosecutor will wail about you using “Dum Dum” bullets. Designed to inflict massive damage and pain against the poor Yout who was robbing you. He might even refer to them as the dreaded “Cop killer” bullets. He will lie to get that conviction. So, I doubt it matters a bit what round you’re carrying in court. Anything can be twisted to a negative.
 
And across the river from NJ here in NY, you can't have more than 10 rounds in your weapon. So if you're dealing with multiple threats, you better have some extra magazines.
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In New Jersey, you can’t even carry a Hollow Point.
In New Jersey you can't carry anything! That said, a quirk in New Jersey law is that a bullet with a polymer insert in the tip (think Hornady FTX) is not considered a hollow point. Also you are aqllowed to possess hollow points in your home, although how you can get them there is a mystery. Makes me glad I left that hole.
 
IMHO, the best self defense handgun and ammo is the handgun and ammo that most closely approximates the handgun and ammunition issued to the local police department in the city where you may or may not go to trial after shooting someone in self defense.

Not always.

My local SD carried S&W M&P40 with Hornady Critical Duty ammo. I owned and carried the M&P40c and tried the same ammo they used. Horribly inaccurate. 8" groups at 25 yards. I'd rather carry a pistol and ammo combo that is accurate and effective rather than one that is politically correct.
 
The extra .04” of expansion matters little if you hit nothing vital.

Not really true, but certainly a possibility. What do you consider vital? You mean life sustaining organs? I could be carrying a .22 lr. "ball." Instead I carry 9mm or .45 acp expanding ammo. The area of the expanded bullet and volume of tissue destruction of the expanded bullet is many many times the damage done by non expanding .22 lr. The more pain created and the more sign of obvious damage and the greater likelihood of getting a psychological stop, the greater the chance of rendering less operable or inoperable a non-"vital" appendage.

You can't win if you miss,

It happens very frequently, but certainly not all the time. People attain psychological stops with shots that fail to hit the aggressor/invader. Sometimes they happen without even pulling the trigger. You can't count on psychological stops to occur, but they happen a lot in real life.

Of course, you can't count any stop shot happening fast enough unless you shut down the CNS. You could double lung your attacker or even shoot them in the heart and have them live long enough to empty their gun into you.
 
Not always.

My local SD carried S&W M&P40 with Hornady Critical Duty ammo. I owned and carried the M&P40c and tried the same ammo they used. Horribly inaccurate. 8" groups at 25 yards. I'd rather carry a pistol and ammo combo that is accurate and effective rather than one that is politically correct.
First of all, thanks for the opportunity to explore this topic further. So, I'd say that the point is, they're using a .40 cal JHP and as long as you're using a JHP that isn't branded as being more devastating than regular JHPs, it would be one less thing for an overzealous prosecutor to talk about. I know a fellow that carried a .44 mag with handloaded coated heavy for caliber hardcast lead bullets that would be suitable for killing bears. I think if he actually shot someone with one of these, he'd have some explainin' to do. Some other fellow I know seems to think that a prosecutor wouldn't have anything to say about handloaded Lehigh controlled fracturing projectiles. I think he would and I think it might be something that a jury wouldn't just casually dismiss. So when I say, it makes sense from a legal standpoint to use what the local LEOs are using, I'm saying that it makes sense not to deviate from their example so far that a prosecutor would have something to talk about and a juror would have something to think about. Plus, this isn't a deer we're talking about, it's a human being and, yes, he's a threat to you but your only goal should be to stop that threat, not to kill that human being because that's the wrong way to think and plus you don't want to walk around with that on your conscience. So, bottom line, if the local LEOs are using standard nothing special semi-autos with standard nothing special self defense JHPs, I'm using a standard nothing special semi-auto with standard nothing special JHPs.
 
It happens very frequently, but certainly not all the time. People attain psychological stops with shots that fail to hit the aggressor/invader. Sometimes they happen without even pulling the trigger. You can't count on psychological stops to occur, but they happen a lot in real life.
I've read that many DGUs don't even involve a round being fired. the mere presentation of the gun is sufficient to cause the would be attacker to turn his back to you immediately and run for his life.
 
I've read that many DGUs don't even involve a round being fired. the mere presentation of the gun is sufficient to cause the would be attacker to turn his back to you immediately and run for his life.

Yeah, sometimes, the gun need not even be loaded or even a real gun.

The point is, you CAN miss and still win, and as you bring up, you sometimes don't even have to shoot and you still win. After all, according to the NRA's guru, guns are used for self defense more than a million times a year without a shot being fired (and usually never reported, LOL).
 
I've reduced my criteria down to three:

1. Reliability. It's got to go BANG! every time I pull the trigger.
2. Shootability in my hands. Given that it went BANG, it's got to hit where I want it to hit.
3. Power. Given that it went BANG! and hit where I wanted, it's got to do the job.

My choice is the .45 ACP in the gun that was designed for it, the M1911.
 
Blood loss is of very little significance in stopping an attacker timely.
Quite true. Blood loss rate may make a difference in chasing a deer 20 yards versus a hundred, but it's not likely to stop an evildoer from crossing the last ten feet to stab you or continuing to shoot at you. Even a shot placement in a place that takes the blood pressure to zero immediately (heart, aorta, or, maybe the venae cavae) can take several seconds to incapacitate. Instantaneous incapacitation has to involve neurogenic or psychogenic shock.
 
I am most comfortable if carrying a weapon that chambers a duty/service cartridge, because a “track record” matters, and because the bullet may be called upon to penetrate intervening cover, such as a human hand/arm, or perhaps a car door, though my recent (2018) retirement from LEO-ing probably reduces the necessity of the latter. The firearm + ammo combination has to be something that I can shoot reasonably well, because misses seem to be a bad idea, for several reasons. As I age, I prefer weapons/ammo that do not batter my hands excessively, which means that pistols as large as G19 Glocks are no longer my friends.
 
BULLSEYE,

I will have to disagree with you. Placement is not # 1., but it would be # 2. If you do not hit a vital area, you may end up dead.

Number 1 is going to be TIE-"TO HAVE A GUN AND THE SKILL TO USE IT".

My agency recognized this problem a long time ago and have included "FAILURE TO STOP" drills for over 20 years. Looking back at it, it was a good idea.
No matter how good your shot placement will be, unless you aim only for the head, you have a risk of failure to stop. Even then, there have been head shot that failed. Mas AYOOB wrote about one where an officer put his gun to the bad guys forehead and shot him. IT DID NOT STOP HIM! The bullet got deflected by the skull and traveled under the skin of his scalp. It has happened before and been documented.

Law enforcement agencies have been going back and forth of the issue of bullet placement for 30 years or more. One of the reasons that the .38 Special became so popular was the easy to control recoil, not the effectiveness of the round. Most law enforcement agencies went to the .40 caliber and now, many are backtracking to the 9m.m. The real reason is that qualification scores are poor with the .40 compared to the 9m.m.

I now carry standard pressure 9m.m. FEDERAL HST 124 grain ammo in most of my pistols. I also have some +P versions of this ammo and still have some +P+ ammo that was issued to me. The standard pressure round is very effective and easier to control, so it is a trade off between power and accuracy, but also recovery time between shots.

Jim
 
After all, according to the NRA's guru, guns are used for self defense more than a million times a year without a shot being fired (and usually never reported, LOL).

Kleck goes higher…using the ‘authoritative’ CDC:

https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/firearms/fastfact.html

Estimates of defensive gun use vary depending on the questions asked, populations studied, timeframe, and other factors related to the design of studies. The report Priorities for Research to Reduce the Threat of Firearm-Related Violenceexternal icon indicates a range of 60,000 to 2.5 million defensive gun uses each year.

I think the DOJ ran numbers in line with Kleck….
 
Kleck goes higher…using the ‘authoritative’ CDC:

https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/firearms/fastfact.html

Estimates of defensive gun use vary depending on the questions asked, populations studied, timeframe, and other factors related to the design of studies. The report Priorities for Research to Reduce the Threat of Firearm-Related Violenceexternal icon indicates a range of 60,000 to 2.5 million defensive gun uses each year.

I think the DOJ ran numbers in line with Kleck….

The CDC didn't. The CDC only cited the report. Have you read the report? Where did they get the data? Did they cite Kleck or Kleck et al.?

DOJ data?

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It definitely happens and no doubt happens a lot, but I have little faith in Kleck who liked to claim that more guns equals less crime which simply has not proven to be true at all.
 
@Double Naught Spy - same team :thumbup:

I have read Kleck and Lott in a couple of context. Perusing the CDC site linked above, you get the normal CDC garbage…

Defensive use of guns by crime victims is a common occurrence, although the exact number remains disputed (Cook and Ludwig, 1996; Kleck, 2001a). Almost all national survey estimates indicate that defensive gun uses by victims are at least as common as offensive uses by criminals, with estimates of annual uses ranging from about 500,000 to more than 3 million (Kleck, 2001a), in the context of about 300,000 violent crimes involving firearms in 2008 (BJS, 2010). On the other hand, some scholars point to a radically lower estimate of only 108,000 annual defensive uses based on the National Crime Victimization Survey (Cook et al., 1997). The variation in these numbers remains a controversy in the field. The estimate of 3 million defensive uses per year is based on an extrapolation from a small number of responses taken from more than 19 national surveys. The former estimate of 108,000 is difficult to interpret because respondents were not asked specifically about defensive gun use.

https://www.nap.edu/read/18319/chapter/3?term=Defensive+use#15

Then there are howlers like:

Although research by John Lott and Gary Kleck has challenged the prevailing view that gun regulations can reduce lethal crimes, the many limitations of Lott’s and Kleck’s research indicate that there is no reason to move from view of guns and violence backed by research in previous decades. Until proven otherwise, the best science indicates that more guns will lead to more deaths.

https://www.jhsph.edu/sebin/u/c/myths.pdf

I have not found the DOJ study, but I remember it as being contrary to the political climate (I believe it was the Obama / Holder DOJ).

Simple answer - no absolute number. Other than justifiable homicide, probably the absolute number will never be determined.
 
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