How? How would you do that even if you wanted to? It isn't like the importer knows who the end user is when they purchase the firearms, or even when they sell them in many cases. Even if the importer did report that information, in many cases it is going to be another FFL who is the purchaser.
Alhough I agree that such a system would be troubling if implemented. It would essentially be a Project Echelon for guns - the United States would be prohibited by law from creating a centralized record system but they would be sharing the same information with countries that are under no such prohibition.
However, this Senate will not ratify the treaty. There were already 53 votes in the Senate for the budget resolution to oppose it. It needs 67 to be ratified. Just like CIFTA, it is going to linger around but there is no way it gets ratified in this Senate... Even after 2014, it would still be tough given how many votes they need to swing.
You would track the imported firearm from the country of origin to the importer to the distributor, to the retailer to the end user...and then from user to user.
May not be able to do that now. But it could be done if there were a national firearms registry.
From the UN ATT (linked earlier):
Article 3 Ammunition/Munitions
Each State Party shall establish and maintain a national control system to regulate the export of ammunition/munitions fired, launched or delivered by the conventional arms covered under Article 2 (1), and shall apply the provisions of Article 6 and Article 7 prior to authorizing the export of such ammunition/munitions.
Article 4 Parts and Components
Each State Party shall establish and maintain a national control system to regulate the export of parts and components where the export is in a form that provides the capability to assemble the conventional arms covered under Article 2 (1) and shall apply the provisions of Article 6 and Article 7 prior to authorizing the export of such parts and components.
Article 5 General Implementation
4. Each State Party, pursuant to its national laws, shall provide its national control list to the Secretariat, which shall make it available to other States Parties. States Parties are encouraged to make their control lists publicly available.
5. Each State Party shall take measures necessary to implement the provisions of this Treaty and shall designate competent national authorities in order to have an effective and transparent national control system regulating the transfer of conventional arms covered under Article 2 (1) and of items covered under Article 3 and Article 4.
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Article 8 Import
1. Each importing State Party shall take measures to ensure that appropriate and relevant information is provided, upon request, pursuant to its national laws, to the exporting State Party, to assist the exporting State Party in conducting its national export assessment under Article 7. Such measures may include end use or end user documentation.
2. Each importing State Party shall take measures that will allow it to regulate, where necessary, imports under its jurisdiction of conventional arms covered under Article 2 (1). Such measures may include import systems.
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Article 12 Record keeping
1. Each State Party shall maintain national records, pursuant to its national laws and regulations, of its issuance of export authorizations or its actual exports of the conventional arms covered under Article 2 (1).
2. Each State Party is encouraged to maintain records of conventional arms covered under Article 2 (1) that are transferred to its territory as the final destination or that are authorized to transit or trans-ship territory under its jurisdiction.
3. Each State Party is encouraged to include in those records: the quantity, value, model/type, authorized international transfers of conventional arms covered under Article 2 (1), conventional arms actually transferred, details of exporting State(s), importing State(s), transit and trans-shipment State(s), and end users, as appropriate.
4. Records shall be kept for a minimum of ten years.
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FWIW, I agree that ratification is highly unlikely.