Generalities about ammunition are pretty much worthless.
You can have slow burning or very fast burning powders that reach +P+ pressure levels, or medium burning powders.
The speed of the powder is going to determine how much of a velocity gain
you get in what barrel length you decide to use.
Valuable comments would be actual tests of the difference of different ammunition types in different barrel lengths.
Something like this, but using +P+ ammo, scroll to the bottom for the actual gun results.
http://ballisticsbytheinch.com/9luger.html
Great thing about such tests is you can get a pretty good idea about what exactly works in your weapon barrel length.
If I was considering such a thing, I'd certainly be looking at the ballistics of larger calibers.
There does appear to be a about a 200 fps jump going to .357 Sig.
Still, the plus p corbon load 125 grain goes nearly 1198 fps out of a short barrel in 9MM Plus P.
The rational reason for wanting +p+ ammo would be to emulate the .357 magnum with a 125 grain bullet.
To get that you'll probably need a 4" barrel on your gun.
That makes your search a bit narrower.
The .357 Magnum with a 2" barrel gives you about 1200 fps with a 125 grain
bullet, using Corbon Ammunition.
Their 9mm pretty much equals that out of a 3" barrel, in an auto.
Without specific tests, my conjecture would be you aren't going to get a great increase in velocity with +p+ ammo out of a 3" barrel or less.
The surplus stuff was designed for submachine guns, with longer barrels, so they probably used a slower powder that would work less effectively in
a shorter barrel.
Buffalbore makes +P+ ammo. It goes the following from these guns, with longer barrels:
9mm Luger +P+ PENETRATOR Ammo - 124 gr. FMJ-FN (1,300 fps/M.E. 465 ft. lbs.
1317 fps Browning MK 111 Hi Power
1298 fps Glock Mod. 19
Item 24A/20 (+p+) 115gr. Jacketed Hollow Point
9mm Luger +P+ Pistol and Handgun Ammo - (+P+) 115 gr. Jacketed Hollow Point (1,400 fps/M.E. 500 ft.lbs.)
Browning Hi Power MK111, 4.6 inch barrel---------1426 fps
Beretta 92F, 4.9 inch barrel-----------------------------1402 fps
Glock 19, 4.0 inch barrel--------------------------------1389 fps
I think it's pretty telling that NONE of the tests are done with a barrel shorter then 4 inches, and that's the Glock 19.
I'd look at Buffalo Bores +P+ and consider the guns he's using if you are going to use such ammo. I would also get the stiffest springs I can for said gun from Wolffe and have them installed.
So if you want a .357 in your 9mm, it appears you need at least a 4" barrel, and all 4" barrels are not created equal. The Glocks seem slow, Walther's much faster with the barnes bullets at least.