Evan Marshall versus firearmstactical.com

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I carry 147 gr in my 9mm because I want it to penetrate all the way to the spine, or not bounce off of the goblin's skull. It seems like neurological damage is the only quick way to incapacitate an assailant with a handgun. I also don't want to be concerned whether it will penetrate a leather jacket or heavy winter clothing. IMHO good tactics and shot placement are more important than caliber choice. .50 Desert Eagles are kind of inconvenient to carry. If it were legal and practical I would carry my Mossberg Persuader or SKS.

Interesting. For more than 80 years, the 9mm in 124FMJ and 115FMJ was criticized for over penetration. (Over penetration is an important secondary problem. For the sake of this discussion let us lay that discussion aside.) That over penetration takes place even with the weak United States standard loads. So 147gr sure ain't needed for penetration.

Even with Bullet proof Vests, it is the 9mm that most often, of the standard fighting pistol cartridges, is the most difficult to stop.

On the other hand, no less luminary as Lt Col Cooper admitted many times that the 45acp suffered from poor/weak penetration.

IF as professed by some, only central neuro hits are the ONLY sure way to stop a VCA, then the over penetrator should be the superior "stopping" round. I agree that Central neuro hits do stop folks. But so do some other hits. Hit a knee Cap and watch what happens. Hit a full bladder, think in the terms of hitting a watermelon etc....

I do agree that dead is one way to be SURE the VCA is stopped. I don't have that much time in any firefight. I want to neutralize the Bad guy faster than it takes most folks short of a brain shot (spinal hits will not always kill the VCA. Like the Knee shot it does anchor them.) to die. I don't want my Tombstone to read, "he made the kill shot". I want the stopping shot, with the round "most likely" to accomplish that.

I believe that NO fighting Handgun cartridge has the ability to reliably stop anyone. Some bullets tend to stop them more often than others. That is what we argue about.

I agree with the statement that mindset and tactics are much more important. ( I use as comparison the Virginia Tech massacre vs the gunman that started shooting at unarmed Special Forces/Ranger troops about 20 years ago. The Troops took the gunman out, before he hit to many of them. We can remember what the folks that felt Safe in their gun free zone did and suffered.) Mind set and Tactics.

But I still believe some bullets are marginally better than others. The good news is that there are a lot of good bullets to choose from today, and the differences are very small.

As stated, Mind set, good tactics, Reliable platform, best bullets possible, hit reliably and shoot to ground. (anyone still believes in the double tap, meet Darwin and the theory of Evolution)

Simple in the end. Oh yea, no jello was murdered in the presentation of this argument.

Go figure.

Fred
 
It can't even be proven that 45 Auto is better than 32 Auto. There're too many other variables of greater importance than caliber. Most of them are inside the shootee's head. All "stopping power" differences between calibers are theoretical. No centerfire caliber has been or can be empirically demonstrated to be better than any other in stopping a fight. That includes
.25 Auto, 45 Auto, and 10mm. Why not? Because the psychological aspects of a gunfight are so much more importance than the physical ones that all physical differences between calibers are lost in the noise.
 
While of course I have no experience in this, I would say that a decent load (quality self-defense ammo), and good shot placement are the key. If someone is wearing body armour, however then you might be better off with FMJ or a specialist load.
 
Well, everyone does know, deep down, bigger bullets are better. The question is only how much better and at what cost?

The only "reason" smaller bullets are even discussed as "equal" is because of "expanding" designs...larger! Bigger bullets will expand even larger...how is that not "better" given all the variables of those circumstances.

But, at what cost! Heavier gun, less mag capacity, more recoil, etc. Maybe, maybe not. That's for the individual to decide and in what circumstances IMHO.
 
45auto,

True todays technology has brought about some great bullets. Funny thing though the bullets that are doing the job very well are the bigger harder ones that don't expand, similar to solids. Years ago the semi wad cutter design was used very effectivly, as I remember.

They have to get in to do the job, so no expansion is used. On human targets and soft skinned animals they have come up with some real changes for sure.
In areas where not much clothing is worn or where it is worn with heavy coats and multiple layers, I would think those departments (LEO) would not be carrying the same bullet design.

The one thing that is interesting is the design for the air security industry. They are designed not to go through and then through the hull of the plane.:uhoh:

I would think the 45 cal would be a good one for the air security, for the reason that they are not good penetration in the first place (metal).

Anyone know what the Air Marshals are carrying, and if you are a LEO and traveling on a plane with ccw are there restrictions to what you can have on your person.
The Law that allows LEO to carry on planes now has to be tricky, I'd think:scrutiny:
 
Criticism of Marshall and Sanow's methods and presentations are valid. These guys are not scientists skilled in the use of the Scientific Method. They are cops presenting the results of the data (however flawed) that they have gathered. I tend to rely on more scientific presentations like those presented by Flackler and others more thoroughly steeped in presenting scientifically valid data. That being said, it looks to me like real-world results agree rather closely with some of Marshall and Sanow's conclusions. If you have ever visited Marshall's web site you will see that he is quite close-minded and tolerates no oppositon or disagreement with his views. You will be banned if you step out of line. That is a huge red flag to me regarding his methods, motives (selling books), and skill in evaluating scientific data.
 
i agree that the criticism of M&S is valid. i dont however, agree with that criticism in that M&S conclusions are discredited. again, i find value in both viewpoints. M&S deals with probabilities of expectation. so long as you dont try to make it anymore than that, its very valid.
 
Well, everyone does know, deep down, bigger bullets are better. The question is only how much better and at what cost?

I do not believe, deep down, bigger slow bullets are better or worse. I simply do not have any religious beliefs involved in this specific argument.

IF bigger bullets are always better, the 45acp 230gr would be a better “stopper” than a 5.56NATO 55gr. It isn’t.

Folks keep forgetting that little velocity thing that keeps getting in the way. It creates a bunch of things, amongst them is energy, or the ability to do work.

When does “enough” velocity, for a given caliber, make up for bigger rocks is the question as related to “stopping”.

True todays technology has brought about some great bullets. Funny thing though the bullets that are doing the job very well are the bigger harder ones that don't expand, similar to solids. Years ago the semi wad cutter design was used very effectivly, as I remember.

The top of the line 38spl load, at various times called the St. Louis/Chicago/FBI load was the 158gr Lead HPSWC +P. Also known as the load that ended the Miami Massacre, when fired out of a 357Mag S&W.

It is a shame that those same revolvers were not loaded with a LIGHTER FASTER and possibly the “best” stopping round ever fired out of a fighting handgun. The 125gr Semi Jacketed Federal 357Magnum or the full house Remington version. (they made a mild load too). No agency ever dropped the 125Mag loads mentioned because of the lack of stopping power. None!

By the way, they are known for expanding “explosively”. And according to the Jello murderers a poor selection. Work on that for a while.

Back to the 38spl.

Why was it the best load? Because it expanded reliably and went deep. Remember bullets behave differently upon impact with a human if they are going supersonic (approx 1100fps).

The Secret Service, on the other hand, found much success with the very light hi speed 38 loads. 110gr at +P+ velocities and later continued along those lines with the +P+ 115 gr 9mm's and today with the 357SIG 125gr hypervelocity round.

They have to get in to do the job, so no expansion is used. On human targets and soft skinned animals they have come up with some real changes for sure.
In areas where not much clothing is worn or where it is worn with heavy coats and multiple layers, I would think those departments (LEO) would not be carrying the same bullet design.

Please read the immediate prior answer.

Criticism of Marshall and Sanow's methods and presentations are valid. These guys are not scientists skilled in the use of the Scientific Method. They are cops presenting the results of the data (however flawed) that they have gathered. I tend to rely on more scientific presentations like those presented by Flackler and others more thoroughly steeped in presenting scientifically valid data. That being said, it looks to me like real-world results agree rather closely with some of Marshall and Sanow's conclusions. If you have ever visited Marshall's web site you will see that he is quite close-minded and tolerates no opposition or disagreement with his views. You will be banned if you step out of line. That is a huge red flag to me regarding his methods, motives (selling books), and skill in evaluating scientific data.

Interesting, I agree about the scientific Criticism of M&S. But from the beginning they never claimed any “scientific methods”. Their data and info were what they were, a collection of anecdotal data that they collected while protecting their sources. They made their own observations and conclusions from the collection of that data. It is what it is.

As to Marshall’s site, and his sensitivity to being attacked, I understand perfectly why.

Flacklers scientific attacks on M&S frankly go over the top. All Flackler proved was which bullet killed, to Flackler’s satisfaction, a given dimensional size of Jello. As our argument is about stopping, not killing human beings, his data and information are interesting, and may even be useful, but definitive, not by a long shot.

Remember Flacklers herd originally chose 10-12 inches as the “needed” depth. Then later changed to 12-14inches. What changed? Human beings? Jello? The cartridges?

I think both Flackler and Marshall bring important data to the table. The difference is, in my opinion, Flackler got famous by and for attacking Marshall.

Marshall, when ever in the public domain, now wears, asbestos. He needs to after what Flackler and his gang did to him.

i agree that the criticism of M&S is valid. i dont however, agree with that criticism in that M&S conclusions are discredited. again, i find value in both viewpoints. M&S deals with probabilities of expectation. so long as you dont try to make it anymore than that, its very valid.

BINGO!

I have equal confidence in my 9mm or my 45’s. Frankly, I carry both. Based on which platform I am using. Either a 1911 or Hi power. If I put either's bullets where they belong, the BG will stop or not based on the BG, not the caliber or bullets. IF I miss, well I hope Darwin has a nice room for me, and caliber ain't the issue.

If I am not ready to fight, and to carry that fight, to my enemy, it doesn’t matter what is in my holster that day.

Go figure.

Fred
 
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This is good:

If you shoot a forty-five as well as a 9mm, go with the former, but do not expect it to be vastly superior to the nine. With equivalent hits, I doubt that much if any difference will be seen. If one does better with the 9mm, I'd cast my lot with it. Once you have a caliber capable of adequate penetration and expansion, placement is power.
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Yep well said, got if from a website mentioned by others.

It is a plain fact that some just cannot shoot the 45, simple, never will get the job done, but they shoot the heck out of a 9mm or a 380.

So that is it in a nut shell I am thinking.

I actually have switched to the 357 Sig for now :neener:
 
One issue that hurt the credibility of M&S was their closed-book policy on their sources, but I can understand the need for confidentiality, as I am one of those who could be fired for sharing inside information on a shooting incident. (police) My wife is also in an occupation with access to autopsy and forensic data, and could be disciplined or fired for sharing that information. So, when I see people taking issue with M&S's need for secrecy, I wish they would just understand that, instead of launching a conspiracy theory. Just my $0.02 on a very small part of this huge debate. The only eyewitness stuff I can offer is that a Federal 125-grain .357 JHP can indeed make a huge, gruesome wound, with plenty of penetration, that caused at least one bad guy to instantly change his priorities and behaviour. I am still very content to use this ammo, and one of my GP100 sixguns is not for sale, for any sane amount of money. Yet, while in uniform, I must now carry a .40 on my hip, and I don't sweat about it, as it is loaded with premium JHP ammo, and the SIG will reliably put those bullets where I want them to go.
 
I do not believe, deep down, bigger slow bullets are better or worse. I simply do not have any religious beliefs involved in this specific argument.

Not religious beliefs...just common sense!

IF bigger bullets are always better, the 45acp 230gr would be a better “stopper” than a 5.56NATO 55gr. It isn’t.

I thought we were talking about pistol calibers, not rifle which can achieve very high velocities...unlike pistol calibers. 5.56 a better "stopper" than the 7.62?

Harley Quinn,

Agreed, more important to shoot what you can hit with...without a doubt.


But, I'm not "qualified" to get into detailed discussions on ammo effectiveness.
It's not that interesting to me to be honest, and I have no way of really testing any ammo, so I "read" what others say, inject some common sense, and "look" for trends of what different people use.

Many LEO have moved from 9mm to 40, primarily, and some 45.
The military is "looking" to move from the 9mm to 45, maybe 40!

What does that say or mean? ;)

And, I don't feel unharmed with a 38, 9mm or even a 380...but!
 
And, I don't feel unarmed with a 38, 9mm or even a 380...but!
***************

I figure that is why you are 45auto! LOL...
HQ
 
Not religious beliefs...just common sense!

Who’s common sense. Although many knowledgeable folks agree with you, many knowledgeable folks don’t. THAT is the point.

In Vietnam, the 45 I was issued often could not penetrate the Flak jacket I was wearing. My 38 ALWAYS could, and so could the 9mm.

My buddy was hit in the knee with a 45. It could not penetrate his knee cap (patella) and just slid down and took a ‘bite’ out of his foot. The corpsman just looked at it and clearly stated, “Good thing that wasn’t a 9mm, it would have blown your knee away.”

Now that is a couple of my own, experiences with the 45/9 controversy. I have more, but not so definitive.

I guess your REAL life experiences have “proven” your common sense. I only have my own to live by.


I thought we were talking about pistol calibers, not rifle which can achieve very high velocities...unlike pistol calibers. 5.56 a better "stopper" than the 7.62?

At times, yes. Up close the 55gr 5.56NATO was a better stopper than the 7.62NATO. By up close, I guess from about 50 yards in. As the distance got further the 7.62 took over at about 125+/- meters. Now understand that difference was not over whelming, just all the hype about the round out of the Maty Mattel was that it did work pretty good close in, when the platform would go bang. That was the biggest issue in the beginning.

The speed or velocity needed for “rifle” like effects is not answered, by the scientists or anyone else.

Many of us think this effect starts at 1300fps +. Many don’t.

Agreed, more important to shoot what you can hit with...without a doubt.

I agree totally. I am pretty new at this game. Only been shooting since about 1955 and center fire pistols since 58. But I can almost hit anything with most any reasonable handgun or caliber. Presently my small collection of handguns only covers a few calibers, 22, 32, 38spl, 357mag, 380, 9mm, 40S&W, 357SIG, 10mm, 44spl, 44Mag, 45acp, 45Colt,. Oh and some Cap and ball in 44 too.

I now compete in action pistol with both 9mm and 45acp. In my Bullseye/2700 days it was 38spl.

I don’t doubt your experience is much greater than mine.

But, I'm not "qualified" to get into detailed discussions on ammo effectiveness.
It's not that interesting to me to be honest, and I have no way of really testing any ammo, so I "read" what others say, inject some common sense, and "look" for trends of what different people use.

Careful. It often depends on who’s common sense your talking about.

And another word for trends is FAD.

Many LEO have moved from 9mm to 40, primarily, and some 45.
The military is "looking" to move from the 9mm to 45, maybe 40!

Many have. Many have moved from 40 and 45 to 9mm, too. The only caliber I have heard no complaints from the field is the 357SIG. Like it’s precedent, the 357Mag, no complaints by anyone. I know of no agency that has, once totally into the 357SIG, moved away from it. Starting most notably with the US Secret Service.

And, I don't feel unharmed with a 38, 9mm or even a 380...but!

Good!

I am sure one day that ‘But’ will disappear too. Understand, as I write this I am wearing a 5” 1911 with 230gr Golden Sabers. Tomorrow I may be wearing my FN Hi Power with 115 gr Cor-Bon Dpx. My BUG is either of my 6442s or my 638 in 38spl which I have just changed the carry load from 158gr +P HPLSWC Winchesters to the new Speer 135gr JHP +P. It is the platforms that I need and use now, that matter. The revolver I used to carry for CCW before it was legal, was a 3” model 66 S&W with night Sights and loaded with 125gr Federal “full house” 357Mag. By the way, the Glock I am considering for CCW is the 19, with the Cor-Bon DPX’s. When my arthritis in my trigger finger ain’t to bad I consider carrying it and usually wind up with one of my Hi Powers.

Just as an aside about guns vs. caliber, given a choice and the arthritis gone I would carry one of my many SIGs. Most often the 228 in 9mm.

In Nam, I ditched the 45, it was to unreliable, and carried a Victory model (a WW II rough finished model 10) 4” S&W in 38spl. I could get ammo from the Chopper air Crews or pilots. It always went bang.

Reliability trumps caliber every day and way, every time.

Go figure.

Fred
 
Evan Marshall stats...

I place a great deal of stock in the Marshall stats because they rely on the best test medium of all....live (at the time) human beings. Only solid torso hits count as well. The emphasis is on rapid stoppage of assailants rather than "killing power" as it should be in my opinion. I still buy the bigger is better theory when comparing non expanding bullets. I'll take a 44 Special over a 38 Special anytime my life is on the line. That said, everything changed when the bullet and ammo makers started producing reliable expanding bullets at handgun velocities. Bullets like the Remington golden sabre and Speer gold dot make full house loads in the smaller calibers 90% or better one shot stoppers on the Marshall scale. Tissue disruption is the name of the game and reliable expanding bullets in the small calibers do it better than non expanding bullets in larger calibers. That is my 2 cents worth on a controversial subject....
 
On the other side of this contraversy are people like Dr. Martin Fackler, who was a surgical pathologist for the Army and has personally operated on battlefield injuries as well as conducted numerous autopsies of gunshot victims. Dr. Fackler has had direct support and access to both military wounding data as well as LE shooting data. Lastly, Dr. Fackler was one of the early proponents of using ballistic gelatin as a means to test bullet performance.

Which one are you going to believe?
I'd believe the one who spent time researching what ammo works best on the street. As far as his oss% is concerned, no one could use a standard without flaws.

While Fackler is an expert in his field, having studied a zillion cadavers and examined their wounds, I don't know how examinging dead people would be very definitive with regards to determining incapcitation time, or that Fackler ever attempted to do that--or that Marshall ever disputed Fackler or vise versa.

And yet, it always seems to be Fackler vs Marshall--not because they oppose one another so much as because others quote them in order to support their own positions.

What if they're both right? Deep penetrating wounds are more likely to produce cadavers for Fackler to study, and bullets that penetrate less and expand more cause quicker incapacitation?
 
What if they're both right? Deep penetrating wounds are more likely to produce cadavers for Fackler to study, and bullets that penetrate less and expand more cause quicker incapacitation?
**********

Hey by gosh, I think you've got it Watson. Now we need to have others realize this scenario:what:


Reno is a nice little town, how about a Californian coming up and getting some land??? Or are we not welcome?:D

HQ
 
I think you guys are looking in the wrong place. Forget incapacitation. Rarely happens. Demoralization is what stops the BG, that and fear. If those don't stop the BG, he'll go till he bleeds to death. That might take an hour unless you hit his aorta. And even if you do, he can empty his magazine, reload, empty that magazine, pull out his Bowie knife and be all over you before he blacks out.
 
The real truth.

Any weapon small enough to hang on your belt is mediocre.
There are no "one shot stops" in the real world.
Percentages are useless. Be concerned about the fight you're in, not the one you mapped and graphed.
With a premium bullet design, 9mm through .45acp are on pretty much equal footing.

Now for my opinion. Marshall and Sanow I'm sure tried to do a good study. However, I'm also sure it was lacking because it, like every other study, cannot take into account the human factor. There are simply too many variables to quantify "stopping power". Accept this and carry a large caliber sidearm with a premium H.P. bullet designed to expand at cartridge specific velocity.
 
I DISAGREE that this discussion has "gone nuclear." (although I thought the prediction was going to be accurate.)

This has been one of the most level headed discussions I have seen on this topic in all the years I have followed and been involved in such discussions.

I really can't add anything significant to the dicussion that hasn't already been said except.....

There is a reason they call this place the HIGHROAD.

Thanks for the mostly level headed comments on a very divisive topic.

Roll Tide
(Got Saban? We Do!)
PS I'm sorry, I just couldn't resist trying to start a little trouble. It is less than 3 weeks to the start of the college football season. Then we will see who has the real STOPPING POWER (of the run and pass that is.) :)
 
Criticism of Marshall and Sanow's methods and presentations are valid. These guys are not scientists skilled in the use of the Scientific Method. They are cops presenting the results of the data (however flawed) that they have gathered. I tend to rely on more scientific presentations like those presented by Flackler and others

Fackler is no scientist, he's an MD or coroner or something. Terminal ballistics is the realm of the physicist, not the medical doctor or coroner. M/S are cops, but they have a good working knowledge of statistics and have simply done what statisticians do, assemble a statisical study on real gunfights, not jello shooting or invented ballistic formulae based on momentum, or even killing of goats or swine. Those who complain about the results are normally trying to bolster a case for the 1911 and the .45 to be the only load or gun manufactured, outlaw all else, the Cooper mentality. Anyone who has ever handgun hunted knows there's more to terminal ballistics than bullet diameter. I've killed two, now, with a .357" diameter 158 grain bullet. They didn't last long, either, no more than 25 yards and down and deer are tougher than humans. Total penetration on lung hits behind the shoulder. I'm no scientist, just a hunter, but I know I'd rather hunt with said bullet than a 230 ball .45ACP round.
 
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