Sorry, a bit long
Note: All responses are to Byron Quick
I assume that the acronym COTS stands for Commercial Off The Shelf.
Yup. I shouldda made that more clear.
You say you've spent six years studying this problem. I've a few questions:
1) Exactly what would the interdiction consist of?
2) Installation costs, operating costs, and maintenance costs?
In other words, what's your concept of cost-effective? Remember that the government would be running the show.
I have worked similar issues in the past. My experience has been turned to the issue of perimeter security by my employer & customers.
1. How & What
Specific hardware and manning issues would be dependant on local circumstances:
a. Terrain
b. Illegal alien activity
c. et cetera
More generally, you would have a mix of complementary sensors & sensor types (video, II, IR, RF, audio, seismic, magnetic, etc), sensor platforms (stationary, UAV, ground mobile, etc), a commo (data, voice, images, video) network (directional & omnidirectional), processing HW & SW to chew on sensor feeds (to include a good user interface), and personnel trained to take advantage of the equipment. The development of new concepts of operation to fully utilize the system is paramount. The answer to every problem is not, "throw more equipment at it!"
It is definitely NOT a bunch of cameras out in the desert with some poor schlep staring at a video wall. The average guy is good for about 20 minutes in front of a bank of sensor feeds. Afer 20 minutes, he is in la-la land & useless for preventing intruders.
In some places, fencing might be part of the answer so as to slow down the infiltrators & give the responders enough time/space to deal with them. This is dependant on local conditions.
NOTE: no mines are involved. We're not talking about stopping the Nork horde from invading.
2. Costs
Finesse-ing the answer:
Other countries with terrain as/more difficult as the US borders are doing this...though they have fewer resources than the USA.
A better answer:
a. COTS
Using COTS and not re-inventing the wheel (as so many gov't beauracracies do) is a savior.
(The following exmples are not "THE" solution, just examples of how something could be done on the cheap & why it can be done without breaking the bank.)
Sensors
Thermal sights have fallen in cost dramatically, as have image intensifiers.
Processing Power
Moore's Law to the rescue. No longer do we need a supercomputer to crunch the data, as a rack full of COTS PCs can do that handily.
Commo
Processing power helps here, too.
Fusing the voluminous data input into the system and developing a perceived reality is a job for software.
Food for thought: last year the record for transmission of an 802.11b/g signal (WiFi/Airport) was around 40-50
miles. Unamplified. Using a directional antenna, of course. But that is a pretty fat wireless pipe down which to send data. Also, remember that every sensor or platform is also a transmitter/receiever.
b. Modeling & Analysis
Heavy use of modeling & automation to optimize sensor mix/placement/platform given the terrain as well as modeling of commo...all hooked into a costing model can give a rough order of magnitude. The better the input data (terrain, sensor models, hardware costs, etc), the better the output data. Also, input from guys on the ground is invaluable for a reality check.
The analysis does not stop at deployment. All these sensors are going to generate lots of data that can be analyzed to see where the holes are, where the infiltrators go when pressured, what tactics worked, which did not, etc.
The multi-tiered system you alluded to has elements that make much more sense than: Let's build a fence! I don't have too much faith in static defenses or barriers.
Agreed. Static barriers have their place, but as a part of the system, not as the totality of the system.
[FWIW, I built a fence for my German Shorthaired Pointers and the female still managed to tunnel* underneath. A hot wire 4"-6" off the ground ought to give enough standoff to prevent tunnelling* under the fence.]
* I do mean "tunnel." I built the wooden fence with horizontal boards that go from 4"-6" into the ground.
Don't get me wrong. I've got no problem with securing the borders. But since I'm planning on moving close to the border; some folks' suggestions get my back up. Minefields...sheesh!
I think most are joking about the mines...I hope!