1. The rifle has to be $1500.00 or less.
2. The rifle has to to handle both metal cased surplus and hand loaded ammo.
3. The rifle will shoot 2 moa or less at 100 yards. Hopefully much less. I just dont want to rule out all the options right away.
4. The rifle has to reliable enough to be used as a MBR.
5. Spare parts and mags should be obtainable easily and at a reasonable cost.
I was one of those who earlier voted in the direction of an Armalite AR 10 rifle. A working budget of $1,500 gets you into some pretty good rifles. They may not all deliver 2 MOA off the shelf but the possibilities are there.
I have seen the M1 Garand suggested. I have a few and do not see this as a good choice and here is why. The M1 Garand is a fine battle rifle but a basic out of the box so to speak is a 4 MOA rifle. The rear sight clicks are 4 MOA for starters. A very good Garand can be made into a 1 MOA rifle but it comes with a cost. Let's take a look at a Special Grade $995 M1 Garand from CMP:
M1 Garand, CMP Special (.308)
Allow 30-60 days for delivery.
M1 Garand Springfield Armory receiver. This is a completely refurbished rifle consisting of an original M1 Garand Springfield receiver, new production Criterion barrel, new production American Walnut stock and handguards, and new web sling. Receiver and most other parts are refinished USGI, but some parts may be new manufacture. A .308 spacer block is installed to prevent the loading of a .30-06 round into the chamber.
The above rifle is chambered in .308 and rebarreled with new Criterion barrel. They are good barrels about a match quality depending on how you define match quality. Typically they run about $250 so a good deal from the CMP. However, you still have standard sights and a good set of NM2A sights will run you about another $300 or more for front and rear. The CMP rifle has what I believe are new Boyds walnut lumber which is good stuff. However, the accuracy of a great M1 Garand also hinges on all the wood to metal fitting. This is why M1 Garands set up for NM shooting are generally bedded which involves quite a bit of work and some tools. All in all the Special Grade M1 Garands from CMP are great rifles but I doubt for your defined needs will get you where you want to go. Not without investing considerably more time and money in the rifle anyway. Just my opinion and I have built a few M1 Garand match rifles. I just see it as a more complex process to get what you want from an M1 Garand for the reasons I mentioned and a few more I have not mentioned.
The M1A is also mentioned. I really like mine but starting with $1,500 leaves you a good way to go. An M1A NM rifle will run you about $1,900 and a really blown out SA M1A Super Match gets up around $2,300 plus. Starting with a good base M1A will run you about your $1,500 leaving room for expensive expansion much like the problems you would face with a M1 Garand mentioned above.
I like the AR 10. The nicest thing being that if you start with even a lower end basic rifle unlike the M1 Garand or M1A the tools needed to upgrade the rifle are nothing in comparison to the M1 or M1A rifles. Most upgrades are plug and play. I would rather re-barrel an AR 10 than either the M1 or M1A. Thses rifles are easy to work on and modify. They are also easy to get the sub MOA groups with and for that matter even scope.
Here is my AR 10 with a 24 inch match barrel. The sights are Centra front and rear.
How hard is it to go to basic sights or a scope? Not very hard at all:
With the exception of M1 Garand variations like the C and D versions the M1 Garand was not designed for a scope and most scope mount designs for the rifle suck! When it comes to the M1A even the SA scope mount packages are somewhat marginal. While I love my NM Garand and my NM M1A given a choice if I could only have one rifle it would be my AR and Thank God I don't have to make that choice.
While I do not own some of the other options mentioned I have shot them. I just see the AR 10 as your best bet based on what you want. Start simple and build on the basic rifle. Also, as can be seen with any of my rifles I am not at all into tacticool as to the best of my knowledge all the cool out there does not get those tiny damn bullets to go where I want them to go. I like basic.
Ron