Every camporee, we Boy Scouts were usually faced with the perennial fire building contests, usually burning through a string set a certain distance from the ground. Sometimes we were given two matches, sometimes none, and we had to use "alternative" methods, so some various ideas from those times:
Steel Wool and batteries do indeed work well. It doesn't necessarily have to be a 9 volt battery, it can be two "D" cell batteries end to end, with the steel wool on the positive and negative ends of the pair. It's tricky to hold the batteries nose to end and make contact with the steel wool alone, but that was part of the challenge, I guess. The finer the steel wool, the easier to get it going. Once it is going, wad it up quickly and carefully and place it in the tinder.
Dryer lint is very good tinder, and charring it makes it even better, though I think charred flannel is the best I have seen in the "homemade" category. Any self respecting patrol leader always raided the wastebasket by the dryer and had a pocketful of lint going into the firebuilding competition.
To char lint or flannel, put it in an airtight metal can or container, and throw it in a fire for ten minutes or so. Fish it out and let it cool down. If it isn't charred, throw it back in the fire.
We once were able to use a kid's coke bottle eyeglass lenses to start a fire, but that was close to noon on a very sunny day. Didn't take long though.
Most outrageous firestarting method I ever used was a car cigarette lighter, some toilet paper, a couple of handfuls of pine needles and disassembled 12 gauge shotgun shell dumped into a small box so it could be carried close to the cigarette lighter. This was an "urgent" need for fire, not really an emergency.
For normal cooking fires (this was back in the days that Boy Scouts cooking with propane, or even charcoal was looked upon with horror), firestarters were manufactured out of sawdust and paraffin mixture poured into cardboard egg cartons, and then the individual cups cut apart into a dozen fire starters. Fancy ones had a shortened birthday candle sticking out of the middle. Probably a lot easier to buy the commercial or surplus ones, but it was a good and useful craft type project.
We have had our Cub Scouts make emergency stoves for cars using a roll of toilet paper stashed in a steel coffee can along with a small bottle of rubbing alcohol. The toilet paper acts as a big fat wick when the alcohol is dumped on it. Burning isopropyl alcohol doesn't release deadly carbon monoxide when burning, but it can use up oxygen in a well sealed car, so crack the window while using. It isn't a bad idea to have a roll of TP stashed in the vehicle anyhow, for other, more mundane "emergencies, and the coffee can is a nice way to store it.
Best firestarting advice is not try to light anything until you have all of your tinder, kindling, and wood gathered and assembled within reach, and any wind or rain blocks are in place. Also, practice with whatever methods you plan on using in an emergency a couple of times beforehand. It's not rocket science by any means, but it's best that any mistakes or flaws in your firebuilding strategies expose themselves before they might be fatal...