police marksmanship / qualification standards

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max popenker

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Hello

I'm looking for typical standards for firearms (pistol / long gun) qualification requirements for US (and other countries, if possible) police and other LE organizations.

Also will appreciate a brief insight on LE firearms training (initial / recruits and periodical for sworn officers)

Thank you!
 
I'll risk an answer, mostly to give you something to read. I am not and never have been a policeman in anyway shape or form. There appear to be several officers of the law on this site, but i would have no idea why they have not answered.

What I do know is that in times past I have with other 'Buck Skinners' have attended shoots as teams to compete with police officers.

My findings are that most, but of course not all police officers are not exactly sportsmen who shoot this way, and that the gun to many is no more than a tool of law.

So what happened is the Buck Skinners who shoot most often for fun, won both events.

That is to say the police were soundly beaten by guys shooting flintlocks, while the police shot their own firearms, and then we switched guns to be fair, and assisted in loading the flintlocks for the police, and they assisted in loading their own guns for us, and we beat them again.

These were team shoots, so while a few of the police were better than fair shots, their team members over all were not.

I have no idea what the criteria is for police to pass standard quailifications.
 
One of the local ranges I visit is used by the local LE community to practice. One of my best friends is a cop, and we regularly meet there to shoot. Every year when it comes time to qualify he brings in a number of his coworkers to help them get ready for the test. This is usually the only time during the year they shoot. Most all of them carry their weapon every day at work. The skills that I have seen demonstrated by these folks would scare the general public, who think a cop is an expert with their weapon. More than once I have had to help clear an officers weapon because they could not recover from a jamb, or other issue. The standards must be set low enough for these once a year shooters to qualify, or the force has to spend lots of tax payer money on retraining, something they don't want to do.

Considering that the vast majority of LEOs will never have to fire their sidearm in the line of duty, this standard probably is good enough. The civilian population does not bother itself with insisting on higher standards, nor do they care.

The folks that are shooters, hunters, gun enthusiasts, members of special units generally keep themselves to a much higher standard. The ones I know spend their own money to maintain their higher proficiency.

JMHO, I am sure I will catch some flack for it, but that is the way I see it.
 
I am generalizing but most western states have standards known as POST. (I have no idea how the rest of the country works).

eg
http://www.post.ca.gov/

I have not found any specific firearms qualification details in the POSTs. These seem to be published locally. I do have several department courses of fire saved somewhere but I can't find them right now (my computer is as dis-organized as my desk). I will add them if I find them.
 
training

I have shot in compitition with police officers.those are good shooters,but they would tell you that most cant hit the barn from inside.I know one chief that fired 18 rds at 50 ft and hit target 2 times thats the standard 50ft nra paper.I took a course here and the paper was as big as a horse.I had to be smart and put them all in the head in a group. :rolleyes: :uhoh: :eek: :D
 
I had a feeling people would add comments about police marksmanship.

The first thing to consider is that, once you get away from a substantial city, the facilities for police firearms training are PATHETIC. There are PDs I know where their range is no better than a scrape in the ground, it is an embarrassment to have a sign outside saying "XXXXXXX Police Firing Range". The problem is money. Many of these ranges either do not have electricity or they do not have the money to upgrade whatever poor services they already have. Heck, if OSHA checked the property the ranges would be shut down.

Lack of a good training environment means that even with the best of instructors and keen officers training can only reach a certain level. This seems strange when you consider how much public safety, how much officer safety, and how much community liability rides on having well trained officers but that is the way things are. There are a lot of reasons why this situation exists but eventually it all boils down to taxes and money.

As far as basic firearms ability goes the officers are about the same as you would find in the general population. Officers are not hired to clean up the Dalton gang or join in the Gunfight at the OK Corral. The competent use of a weapon is a taught skill, not one that is required for hiring. Therefore, the officer reaches a level determined by his own natural ability, the level of his instruction and the training facilities available (see above).

The average officer is more capable than the person who simply buys a gun and never trains with it, about the same as the average gun owner who completes a training course and shoots periodically, and less capable then a real gun enthusiast. I would say, however, that I have seen some well trained SWAT teams who are truly impressive.

The advantage a police officer has is that his training is based, at least partly, on reality and he always has the option of legally entering a conflict "gun drawn" - that makes up for a lot.
 
A snapshot of training I'm familiar with:

Course and/or academies:

76 hours classroom and range time covering pistol and shotgun use, 2500 +/- rounds, comprehensive basic course.

80 hours classroom and range time covering pistol and shotgun use, 2000 +/- rounds, less than lethal firearms training, comprehensive basic/intermediate course.

72 hours classroom and range time covering pistol and shotgun use, 2000 +/- rounds, less than lethal firearms training, comprehensive basic/intermediate course.

80 hours classroom and range time covering pistol, shotgun, and rifle use, 2500 +/- rounds, less than lethal firearms training, comprehensive intermediate course.

24 hours classroom and range time covering pistol and shotgun use, 600 +/- rounds, comprehensive intermediate course.

32 hours classroom field armorer course, fairly basic, covering the pistols, shotguns, and rifles issued to the field, excepting "special weapons" used by the tactical units.

The firearms training is mostly square range training. Shoot, don't shoot video and less than lethal firearms scenarios is incorporated into three of them. Aimed fire, point shooting, two handed shooting, one handed shooting, off handed shooting, shooting from odd cover positions, the basics of shooting and moving, use of cover and concealment, concealed carry, basic tactics, low light shooting, etc were covered in all. Granted some more than others - They all have their strengths and weaknesses. All offer solid training for the real world, though perhaps stop short of an idealized list of what enthusiasts would want to see incorporated.

The hours reflect training taught by instructors designated as firearms instructors with the exception of the armorer's course, which is taught by an armorer. Many more blended/cross-over hours of instruction are provided by non-firearms instructors which are not accounted for.

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Regular training and qualification where I work:

Quarterly qualification and training, comprised of a minimum of 8 hours training; three range sessions a quarter is the norm. The training regime is flexible enough to allow for the varying skill sets and levels, and often dove tails with defensive tactics training. I average approximately 2500-3000 rounds a year through my primary pistol and approximately 1,000 rounds a year through my secondary pistol. And then there are the long arms...

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It is a myth that all American LEOs are poorly trained. Some are very well trained, relatively speaking. Those who are not deserve better support from their communities and leadership.
 
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Standards vary state by state. Further, individual departments are allowed to require proficiency above and beyond the state mandated minimum standards. So essentially, there is no uniform "standard" as every law enforcement agency in the country can have a different requirement.
 
I agree. A snap shot of some of the courses:

Colorado POST Course:

Stage 1, 1 YDS, 2targets
Draw and fire 2 shots to the body of two targets, and while moving back fire 1 shot to the head of the left target in 6 seconds.

Stage 2, 3 YDS, 2 targets
Draw and fire 2 shots to the chest of each target in 4 seconds, beginning squared to left target and stepping to right target in 4 seconds.

Stage 3, 3 YDS, 2 targets
Reverse stage 2

Stage 4, 3 YDS, 2 targets
Standing in middle from ready, 2 two each target with 2 steps back while firing in 4 seconds, perform tactical reload with 5 point penalty if performed incorrectly.

Stage 5, 5 YDS, 2 targets
Draw and fire 2 to the right target, kneel and fire 2 to the left target in 5 seconds.

Stage 6, 5 YDS
Standing ready, fire 2 at right target in 3 seconds.

Stage 7, 5 YDS
Reverse stage 6.

Stage 8, 5 YDS
Standing ready, fire 6 to the right target in 6 seconds, perform tactical reload with 5 point penalty if performed incorrectly.

Stage 9, 7 YDS, 2 targets
Standing ready, loaded chamber/empty magazine, 1 right, reload, 1 left in 10 seconds.

Stage 10, 15 YDS, 2 targets
Draw, dry fire, go to cover, fire 1 right, fire 1 left in 10 seconds.

Stage 11, 15 YDS
Set up double feed, dry fire, go to cover, fire 1 left in 20 seconds.

Stage 12, 15 YDS, 2 targets
Beginning at 25 YDS, move to 15 YDS cover, fire 2 right and 2 left in 15 seconds.

1 point per hit to include designated head shot
Max score: 40 points
Min score: 36 points

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FBI Pistol Qualification Course

This standard, revised April 1997, is used to qualify both agents and instructors.

Target: FBI "Q"
Ammunition: 50 rounds service ammunition
Scoring: Hits in or touching "bottle" count 2 points; misses and hits outside bottle count zero points
Qualification: 85% to qualify; 90% for instructors

STAGE I 18 ROUNDS
Starting Point: 25 yard line
Time Allotted: 75 seconds
Start with a fully loaded weapon. On command shooter draws and fires 6 rounds prone position, decocks, fires 3 rounds strong side kneeling barricade position, 6 rounds strong side standing barricade position, and 3 rounds weak side kneeling barricade position. Upon completing stage I, the shooter will conduct a magazine exchange and holster a loaded weapon.

STAGE II 10 ROUNDS
Starting Point: 25 yard line
Time Allotted: 2 rounds in 6 seconds
4 strings of 2 rounds in 3 seconds each
Start at the 25 yard line. On command the shooter moves to the 15 yard line, draws and fires 2 rounds in 6 seconds, decocks, and returns to low ready. The shooter will fire 4 strings of 2 rounds in 3 seconds, decock and return to low ready after each string. Upon completing Stage II, the shooter holsters a loaded weapon [without reloading unless gun capacity is only 10 rds --ed].

STAGE III 12 ROUNDS
Starting Point: 15 yard line
Time Allotted: 15 seconds
Start at the 15 yard line. On command the shooter moves to the 7 yard line, draws and fires 12 rounds in 15 seconds, to include a reload. Upon completing stage III, the shooter holsters a loaded weapon. Shooter then arranges remaining 10 rounds to have 5 rounds in the weapon and 5 rounds in a spare magazine.

STAGE IV 10 ROUNDS
Starting Point: 7 yard line
Time Allotted: 15 seconds
Start at the 7 yard line. On command the shooter moves to the 5 yard line, draws and fires 5 rounds with strong hand only, reloads, tranfers the weapon to weak hand and fires 5 rounds weak hand only. Upon completing stage IV, the shooter will unload and holster an empty weapon.

Agents are required to requalify four times a year.

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Federal Air Marshal Tactical Pistol Course (TPC) "The Old FAM course"

This course is shot cold on the FBI QIT target.
All strings are shot from a distance of seven yards.

Stage 1
One Round (X2) from concealment, 1.65 seconds per presentation (3.30 total)

Stage 2
Double Tap (X2) from low Ready, 1.35 seconds per double tap (2.70 total)

Stage 3
Rhythm; fire 6 rounds at one target; no more than 0.6 seconds between each shot from low ready (3.00 total)

Stage 4
One Shot, speed reload, one shot (X2) from low ready, 3.25 seconds per shot (6.50 total)

Stage 5
One Round each at two targets 3 yards apart from low ready, 1.65 seconds per shot (3.30 total)

Stage 6
180 degree pivot then fire one round each at 3 targets from concealment (X2), turn left, then right, 3.50 seconds per series (7.00 total)

Stage 7
One Round from low ready, slide locks back, drop to one knee, reload, fire one round, 4.00 seconds standing and kneeling (8.00 total)

QUALIFICATION:

TIME: Cannot exceed total time for each drill. Example: Drill #1 - 1st time 1.70 seconds, 2nd time 1.55 seconds; Total = 3.25 seconds = Go. Must achieve a "GO" on each drill.

ACCURACY: Target is FBI "QIT" (bottle). Total rounds fired is 30. Point value inside bottle = 5. Point value touching line or outside bottle = 2. Maximum possible score = 150. Mininum qualifying score = 135.

All stages must equal "GO" to qualify.

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CBP Officer Field Course:

Stage 1
3 yard line, standing strong hand only and support hand only, 2 magazine with 6 rounds each: Draw and fire six rounds strong hand only, reload, fire six rounds support hand only in 25 seconds.

Stage 2
7 yard line, standing strong hand supported, 2 magazines with 6 rounds each: Draw and fire 2 rounds, target edges go to high ready, target edges fire 2 rounds, repeat once more for three facing at 3 seconds per facing, reload.

Stage 3
7 yard line, standing strong hand supported body armor drill, 2 magazines with 6 rounds each: Draw and fire 2 to the chest and 1 to the head in 6 seconds, go to high ready, target faces repeat in 4 seconds, reload.

Stage 4
15 yard line, standing and kneeling strong hand supported barricade, 2 magazines with 6 rounds each, step to cover, draw and fire 2 rounds supported standing support side barricade, transition to strong side barricade and fire 2 rounds, move to cover, transition and fire 2 rounds strong side kneeling barricade, reload, in 20 seconds.

Total rounds: 30
Possible score 150
Requires the head shots to qualify

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CBP Officer Academy Course:

Stage 1, 3 yard line
Target faces, draw and fire 2 rounds in 3 seconds, cover the target.
Target faces, fire 2 shots in 2 seconds, cover the target.
Target faces, fire 2 shots in 2 seconds, scan and holster.
Target faces, draw and fire 6 rounds in 6 seconds, scan and holster.

Stage 2, 7 yard line
Target faces, draw and fire 2 rounds to the chest and 1 round to the head in 6 seconds, scan and holster.
Target faces, draw and fire 2 rounds to the chest and 1 round to the head, reload, fire 2 rounds to the chest and 1 round to the head in 15 seconds, scan and holster, top off magazine.
Target faces, draw and fire 2 rounds to the chest and 1 round to the head in 6 seconds, scan and holster.
Target faces, draw and fire 2 rounds to the chest in 4 seconds, cover the target.
Target faces, draw and fire 2 rounds to the chest in 3 seconds, cover the target.
Target faces, draw and fire 2 rounds to the chest in 3 seconds, transfer pistol to support hand only and come to high search.
Target faces, fire 6 rounds to the chest support hand only in 12 seconds.

Stage 3, 15 yard line, barricaded
Target faces, move to cover, draw and fire 6 shots standing support side barricade, move to cover and reload, and fire 6 rounds kneeling barricade in 35 seconds.

Stage 4, 25 yard line
Target faces, move to cover, draw and fire 6 shots standing support side barricade, move to cover and reload, move to string side standing barricade and fire 6 rounds kneeling barricade in 60 seconds.

Rounds: 60
Possible score: 300
To qualify the 4 head shots must be made.

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ICE:

Stage 1, 1.5 YDS
Strong hand only from the holster using the bent elbow position with the support arm/hand placed against the upper centerline of the officer’s chest. On command the shooter will: Draw and fire one (1) round in two (2) seconds and re-holster. Draw and fire two (2) rounds in two (2) seconds and re-holster. Draw and fire three (3) rounds in two (2) seconds and re-holster. Officers with a magazine capacity of less than twelve (12) rounds will have to conduct a tactical reload or magazine exchange at the end of this stage of fire to be prepared for stage two.

Stage 2, 3 YDS
Using two hands from the holster -- point shoulder shooting, referencing sights. On command the shooter will: Draw and fire three (3) rounds in the chest of the target in three (3) seconds, and re-holster. Draw and fire three (3) rounds in three (3) seconds to the chest, perform a reload (emergency, tactical or magazine exchange) and re-holster.

Stage 3, 7 YDS
Body armor and cover drills. Two-handed shooting using the sights. On command the shooter will draw and fire two (2) rounds to the chest of the target and one (1) round to the head of the target in five (5) seconds and assume a high search position. From high search, move to an aimed in position and fire two (2) rounds to the chest of the target and one (1) round to the head of the target in four (4) seconds. At the end of this stage, the two (2) headshot rounds must be in the five ring head area for each to count as five (5) points. The head area outside the five ring is worth two (2) points. Officers with a magazine capacity of less than twelve (12) rounds will have to conduct a tactical reload or magazine exchange at the end of this stage of fire to be prepared for stage four.

Stage 4, 7 YDS
One-handed shooting. On command the shooter will draw and fire three (3) rounds, using both hands, then transfer the weapon to the strong hand only and fire three (3) rounds, in ten (10) seconds. Perform a reload (emergency, tactical or magazine exchange), and re-holster. Draw and fire three (3) rounds, using both hands, then transfer the weapon to the support hand only and fire three (3) rounds, in ten (10) seconds. Perform a reload (emergency, tactical or magazine exchange), and re-holster.

Stage 5, 15 YDS
Two-handed shooting from the standing and kneeling position. On command the shooter will draw and fire six (6) rounds from the standing position in ten (10) seconds. Move to a kneeling position. When the target edges, or command is given that threat has diminished, shooter performs a reload (emergency, tactical or magazine exchange) in five (5) seconds and assumes a ready position. When threat reappears, or command to fire is given, fire six (6) additional rounds from the kneeling position in ten (10) seconds. Officers with a magazine capacity of less than twelve (12) rounds will have to conduct a tactical reload or magazine exchange at the end of this stage of fire to be prepared for stage six (6).

Stage 6, 25 YDS. Barricade shooting.
On command the shooter will take one (1) step to the rear and one (1) to the right of the barricade. When the threat appears or command to fire is given, move to cover, draw and fire two (2) rounds from the right side standing barricade position, move to the right side kneeling barricade and fire an additional two (2) rounds, in twenty (20) seconds. While in a position of cover, perform a magazine exchange.

Stage 7, 25 YDS, Barricade shooting.
On command the shooter will take one (1) step to the rear and one (1) to the left of the barricade. When the threat appears or command to fire is given, move to cover and fire two (2) rounds from the left side standing barricade position, move to the left side kneeling barricade and fire an additional two (2) rounds, in twenty (20) seconds.

A total of fifty (50) rounds will be fired with a maximum possible score of two hundred-fifty (250) points. Minimum qualification score is two hundred (200) out of two hundred-fifty (250) for eighty (80) percent.

Marksmanship Ratings.
220-230 = Marksman;
231-240 = Sharpshooter;
241-249 = Expert; and
250 = Distinguished Expert.

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FLETC's Practical Pistol Course:
Ahh... Its a bear to find online; i.e. I cannot. The PPC is a 60 round course of fire from the 3, 7, 15 and 25 yards with standing and kneeling barricade, both left and right sides. FLETC requires shooters to achieve a minimum score of 210; some agencies require shooters to acheive minimum scores of 225 or 240.

Note: Many agencies, and even programs within agencies, have their own courses of fire. Some are taught in lieu of the PPC, some in addition. All are similar in that they serve to test, verify, and document the basic skill sets expected of the shooters. Most are 50-60 round courses of fire from the 1.5 or 3 yard line to the 25 yard line.
 
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30 years ago In my hometown (3000 people in central IL.) A polce recruit was required to safely draw his weapon and discharge it into the ground before he was accepted. Have no idea if they have changed this.
 
Erik, That was informitive. Any idea about how much practice is given in order to compete in such a qualification? Or is it all explained at the time, and semi guided on the instant?

How many times a year would this be done?
 
I shot in an IDPA match once and the instructor from the local police accadamy came to the match to try IDPA shooting. He finished in the lower half. Not bad compaired to the average beginner, but no where near the better shooters.

He never came back to another match.
 
Macmac,
Everyone in a position to qualify in the field should be very familiar with what's expected of them, having accomplished it, or something very similar, at the academy level prior to reaching the field. (The first three training I listed below represent "basic" academy training courses for reference of what that may entail.) Qualifications are conducted quarterly; the industry standard, though certainly there are many held to lower standards. I conduct them "cold," twice, and then move on to whatever else is on the lesson plan. I read each stage off from a card to insulate me from complaints; complaints only seem to manifest in the event that a shooter fails to qualify, or occasionally when someone passes but has a bad day - imagine that.

Oh, and don't think of a qualification standard as a measure of what an agency wants its personnel to be able to do, but rather as a measure of what they have to be able to do. There are many LEOs out there who are much better than the ability to shoot near-perfect or perfect qualification scores would suggest.

I hope that helps.
 
The police qualifications I've seen consisted of shooting a silhouette from ranges varying from 5-25 yards. They would shoot a few rounds from several positions within a reasonable time frame. Usually about a second between shots at the most. They would practice shooting from behind cover, shooting in the dark, reloading, malfunction drills, and mozambique drills. At the end of the shoot, they had shot quite a lot. Depending on the department there is either a point system for where the shots hit and a minimum number of points that must be acheived, or there is a pass/fail "just hit the guy" rule, where a miss any time during the test is an automatic fail.

I'm not a cop, but these are the two firearms tests I've witnessed.
 
Max,
There are thousands of police agencies in the US. There are probably nearly as many qualification courses. POST standards are usually minimum standards and in many states courses of fire that are more difficult are approved and conducted by the individual agency.

Jeff
 
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