Self defense against non lethal weapons?

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This is far from a clear situation.

In the end it relies on the jury interpretation.
Do people safe in their seats, who may have never experienced any violence, and get a lot of their perspective on such things from movie and tv fantasy think it was reasonable to use deadly force on someone that was using a weapon that alone is unlikely to cause serious injury or death?

For them to reach that conclusion they have to believe it is a reasonable belief that more injury or death was likely to result after. Which may be difficult to convince them of.



The situation that led up to the attack will also play a role. Was it a complete stranger approaching, what interaction happened beforehand, or was it an altercation or argument that resulted in them pulling such items.
From what I gather most criminals give no warning when using tasers and pepperspray on a victim they have targeted. So there would unlikely be any verbal command to give money or comply before they use it in an attempt to incapacitate.
As a result no words or threats are likely to be spoken before use.
Criminals typically warn someone to comply with lethal force like a gun or knife, but use tasers and pepper spray immediately.
What this means is there is not likely to be verbal commands or threats which give any indication of the intent of the criminal attacker, or which the defender could convey as justification later on.
There is not likely to be any warning before such things are used.
I can recall numerous robberies where the criminals just sprayed someone before robbing them, no verbal exchange prior, and commands only coming after they sprayed the victim.
A criminal simply walks up and sprays or tazes, takes the possessions, or beats, or rapes, or kidnaps, or whatever their reason for incapacitating the individual was. Up until that attack their actions may be difficult to interpret in a way that would justify force period even less-lethal force, nevermind lethal force.
There is no law against anyone in public approaching you. A man walking right up to you, your wife, or anyone else in a dark alley or parking lot, following you on foot, approaching you as you get to your car, etc is breaking no laws. Yet allowing them to do so can remove the advantage of a defender to react.
Pulling a gun on someone or spraying someone with pepper spray coming up to ask a question would be a felony itself, yet many would be attackers are doing exactly that or would claim to be doing that if you prevent them from approaching. Turning you into the criminal for a felony assault on someone trying to ask a question.


The gender of the person attacked will likely matter as well. A jury is more likely to sympathize with a woman making the decision to shoot than a man. Even if both were equally at risk, it is just how society is. Women get away with use of deadly force much more readily than men in discretionary scenarios. What your wife or girlfriend can get away with without a long drawn out trial is quite different than what you as a man can get away with.
 
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How many people have actually been killed by peper (sic) spray and Tazers?
Many more than have been killed by an unkind word. :)

Far more importantly, how many have been incapacitated by pepper spray or a Tazer? And remember, once you are incapacitated, you are relying upon your assailant's tender mercies for your continued existence on this Earth.

Let me know how that works out. :rolleyes:

Depending on where you live, your self defense laws may take this into account, and contain verbiage similar to "...in reasonable fear of death or serious bodily harm." And a reasonable person could easily understand this logic, and apply it to a variety of SD situations.

Another similar example is disparity of force. Is a crippled up 55 year old expected to defend himself bare handed against two healthy "unarmed" 20 year old aggressors?

In England, yes. In a Free State with common sense laws, no, not necessarily...
 
something like 15 to 20 percent of all people murdered are killed with bare hands and feet.

This is probably a lot higher than the percentage of people who suffer a heart attack while being zapped with a Tazer.
 
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I am too old to fight and too fat to run. I will defend
myself with the best tool available. That is usually a
firearm. Castle doctrine here includes any public
place that I am at. (Does not include schools, bars or
court houses.)
 
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted_Bundy
....He usually approached [his victims] in public places and gained their trust by feigning injuries or disabilities, or by impersonating an authority figure. He would then overpower and restrain them....
....He purposely avoided firearms as murder weapons due to the noise they made and the ballistic evidence they left behind....

Here's a serial killer who made a point of using less-lethal weapons than firearms, often just superior physical strength coupled with deception. So if a victim had used a firearm in self-defense against Ted Bundy, that would be disparity of force and not justifiable?
 
Suppose for the sake of argument that you are alone in a dark parking lot and someone approaches you with a “non-lethal” weapon like a Tazrer or can of pepper spray and makes clear his intentions to use it. According to the law in some states you can only respond “in kind” with lethal force if the attacker has a deadly weapon. These things are not considered "deadly weapons" as neither can cause serious or life threatening injury. Do you draw your CCW and fire or just allow the assailant to have his way with you and hope he ends the attack out of the goodness of his heart once he has you stunned and vulnerable?
So, they incapacitate you with tazer, pepper spray, whatever, and then rob you and beat you to death. (happened here not long ago)

Sorry, you come at me with -anything- with intent to do me harm and you are going to get the same 45 Colt response. At that point you have one chance ... leave NOW. Continue to advance and there will be dire consequences.
 
Such citations are hard to come by because the equal force doctrine is imbedded in common law, and only rarely codified into statute. However, it is still active in legal matters, even without being codified.

Common law means that the law is the creation of the courts and is established through case law, rather than statute. The idea of "equal force" as discussed in your New Jersey case is a court-created doctrine (though some jurisdictions also have codified the requirement by statute).

However, the "equal force" doctrine is a minority position in the United States. Most states follow some version of the Model Penal Code, which uses the test of would a reasonable person perceive an immediate threat of serious injury or death given the circumstances.

However, disparity of force cases are tough regardless of which law the state uses. I can think of six recent cases where an armed person shot an unarmed person. Four of those were prosecuted, one was investigated at length before declining charges (but still led to serious cost for the shooter) and only one was the shooter not charged and allowed to go home immediately. In that last case, the shooter had the good fortune to shoot someone who had five previous charges for doing exactly what the shooter claimed he did AND the whole thing was on video.
 
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Mostly laws use the terms "deadly or dangerous weapon" and "death or grievous bodily harm" or something like that.

No, you don't have to take a Taser shock or a blast of Mace in the face rather than respond with deadly force. Those are dangerous weapons and can cause serious injury or (in the case of the Taser) death. Nor do you have to suffer a beating because your attacker is "unarmed". If he is the aggressor and expresses or demonstrates his intent to do you serious harm, you can respond with deadly force. (No, you can't shoot your five-year old granddaughter for whacking you with her Barbie doll.)

Self defense is not some kind of sporting event, with a referee to make sure everyone has a fair chance and no roughing the quarterback. It is brutal, mean and deadly, and some folks who carry guns without realizing that need an awakening; I hope it is not too rude.

Jim
 
Laws against disparity of force grew out of the old dueling codes. Many American political figures fought in duels including several presidents and scores of lesser law makers who served in Congress and the state houses and wrote the laws that shaped the American judiciary. Dueling was based in the gentleman’s code of honor which went to great lengths to ensure that each combatant had identical weapons and no unfair advantage and this is often reflected in the laws that they wrote. At the time and under those conditions it would have been considered an act of cowardice to try to gain an advantage by using a superior weapon, or to enter into combat with a concealed one.
 
Posted by Owen Sparks: Laws against disparity of force grew out of the old dueling codes.
I am not aware of any "laws against disparity of force", anywhere.

There are laws against using force against--i. e., against harming or killing--others unless the act is justified by the immediate necessity to defend oneself against an imminent threat of death or serious bodily harm.

One factor that enters into the justification of the use of deadly force is the determination of whether the person against whom deadly force was used possessed the ability to kill or seriously injure the defender. There are others, but there must be a basis for a reasonable belief that the attacker possessed that ability if one is to succeed in a defense of justification.

A deadly weapon provides such ability. Generally speaking, the law has held that an unarmed assailant who is evenly matched with a defender does not have the ability to kill or seriously injure the defender expect through chance. Yes, it does happen, but a person would not have reason to believe that death or serious injury would be sufficiently likely to justify the use of deadly force to defend himself. It has long been held that one may not lawfully use more force than is immediately necessary to defend oneself.

The concept of disparity of force comes into play when the number, size, strength, condition, or fighting skill of unarmed attackers sufficiently exceeds that of a defender to make the use of deadly force necessary for defense. As has been pointed out, gender is likely to enter into the equation.
 
How many people have actually been killed by peper spray and Tazers?

Unknown but I know a guy who's brother was tasered by the police and died. Probably happens more than we hear about.

Like someone else suggested, you probably will not be given forewarning prior to an attack. Pepper spray and tasers are disabling devices. In theory, you lose your ability to effectively run away or fight back in self defense if either are used on you.
 
Kleenbore said:
I am not aware of any "laws against disparity of force", anywhere.
"

From STATE v. GARTLAND, NJ Supreme Court, 1997:

"Under the common law regime, even if faced with immediate danger of death or great bodily harm, an individual could use only equal force to repel the danger.   The doctrine of equal force, developed on a prototype of two males of equal size and strength, held that, if attacked without a deadly weapon, one could not respond with a deadly weapon."
 
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I taught self defense for 15 years and I can show you many ways to kill someone with your bare hands, most of which don't require much skill or strength. All you really have to do to kill someone is sucker punch him while he is distracted (Wow, look at that naked woman over there) If that does not drop him a few knees to the groin while he is still addled will. Then once he is down stomp on his neck a few times. It takes very little force to crush a wind pipe and the victim will asphyxiate on his own blood and vomit within about three minutes. You can also fracture his skull by repeatedly bouncing his head off any paved surface. More skilled versions include the seven basic neck breaks and a variety of jujitsu throws that cause an opponent to land on his head or neck. Various common choke holds can turn lethal if not removed immediately once the victim looses consciousness. Something like one in eight murders are committed with bare hands and feet. Usually the victim is simply stomped to death though a man in my town died after a single punch to the temple. Several have been choaked to death.
 
RE: Post #39

Posted by Owen Sparks, referring to the following as an example of "laws against disparity of force": From STATE v. GARTLAND, NJ Supreme Court, 1997:

"Under the common law regime, even if faced with immediate danger of death or great bodily harm, an individual could use only equal force to repel the danger.   The doctrine of equal force, developed on a prototype of two males of equal size and strength, held that, if attacked without a deadly weapon, one could not respond with a deadly weapon."
That refers to the equal force doctrine mentioned by Bartholomew Roberts in Post #34.

That does not and never has mitigated against a disparity of force defense: if the attacker were of significantly greater size and strength than the defender, there would be a disparity of force, and the defender would therefore not be prohibited from using deadly force if he or she had reason to believe that it were necessary to do so.

It is what I mentioned when I said this:

Generally speaking, the law has held that an unarmed assailant who is evenly matched with a defender does not have the ability to kill or seriously injure the defender expect through chance. Yes, it does happen, but a person would not have reason to believe that death or serious injury would be sufficiently likely to justify the use of deadly force to defend himself. It has long been held that one may not lawfully use more force than is immediately necessary to defend oneself.

That had nothing to do with dueling and everything to do with having a way to determine whether a defender's use of deadly force had been necessary. It has always been the case that a defender could not lawfully employ more force than a reasonable person knowing what the defender knew at the time would believe necessary.

As Bart pointed out, that is now a minority position in this country. More states simply rely on whether a reasonable person perceive an immediate threat of serious injury or death given the circumstances.

The disparity of force question has to do with circumstances in which the defender might have reason to have such a perception in a case involving an attack by an unarmed assailant or assailants.

As Bart pointed out, and as pointed out in the link I provided earlier that referred to the Larry Hickey case, it can be a very difficult defense indeed under either dioctrine.
 
After Re-reading the entire thread and looking hard in the mirror at my dilibated physical state.:fire::banghead::banghead: I will talk, retreat , show and if forced shoot. Per Dr's Orders I am not suppost to run. But in case of life and death I will disobey that order and give it the old college try. :D
 
If a person has a fist they can kill you. I don't see how what they are holding has anything to do with it. If you are having your life threatened, you should respond. For all you know, they are going to disable you and take you to a second crime scene.

BTW more people are murdered with fist than rifles and shotguns combined.
 
Most civilized people just don’t realize how vicious a bare handed assault can be. Most of us would never conceder biting a chunk out of someone’s face or gouging their eyes out with our thumbs but there are people who are not only capable of such violence, they are especially trained for it.

As repugnant as these acts are, there are people out there without a conscious who can do such things and go home and sleep like a baby. Many years ago a man in my state came out on the wrong end of a street fight and was beaten unconscious. His assailant then dragged him over to the curb, placed his mouth on the corner of the curb and stomped on the back of his head dislocating his jaw and breaking out most of his teeth.
 
I have physical conditions also and am not a youngster. I included that info on my permit application, so it is now an official legal record with the State (plus the medical ones). If i ever have to face a physical attack by a large BG and shoot to avoid it (it would be a real bad thing for anybody but if you can do nothing to stop it + have medically dicey problems like me, it would easily be lethal or ICU time).

Feel better that all that is officially recorded.
 
I taught self defense for 15 years and I can show you many ways to kill someone with your bare hands, most of which don't require much skill or strength.

Same here, but I'd have stopped where I ended the quote, rather than illustrate in detail how to beat someone to death for a mixed audience of anti's and kids reading about guns.

I don't care if there is a disparity of force issue. I'm willing to take whatever stupid thing some cupcake DA wants to throw at me and have my day in court being tried by my peers.
 
i consider tasers and batons to be lethel weapons since both can kill you if misused. (and lets face it if you are attacking someone with a baton or taser you are likely untrained in the use of that weapon, most people are) therefore if a baton or taser is pulled on me i pull my gun. as for pepper spray i just would stick to hand to hand. or maybe pull my baton if i have it on me.
 
oh but i should mention i was working security a year ago and we had a special duty columbus police officer come in (we were unarmed) and we were talking and she told me that she once killed a guy with mace. so mace can kill but not often enough to be a lethel weapon.
 
Posted by wheelgunslinger: I don't care if there is a disparity of force issue.
If the assailant was not armed, and if the defender did not have reason to believe that the assailant had been armed, I'm not quite sure what defense a defender who had employed deadly force could bring to bear other than disparity of force.

In my case, unless I am attacked by a child or by someone with some physical infirmities including back and endurance problems, that is not likely to be a big issue, however.

I'm willing to take whatever stupid thing some cupcake DA wants to throw at me and have my day in court being tried by my peers.
Well, I guess if it someday turns out that I cannot avoid using deadly force by any reasonable means--that is, if deadly force proves necessary as a last resort--and if the evidence of justification that I am able to produce proves insufficient to prevent indictment--I will end up in court.

I'll have to. I guess one could say I will be willing, but it could go on for many days.

Has anyone here seen the bills for a lengthy trial?

I would not expect to be tried by a jury of my peers, nor do I have a right to be right to be so tried.
 
However, the "equal force" doctrine is a minority position in the United States. Most states follow some version of the Model Penal Code, which uses the test of would a reasonable person perceive an immediate threat of serious injury or death given the circumstances
If you'll excuse me, Bart, these two sentences contradict each other. The second sentence is the definition of a lethal force attack, which therefore allows the defender to respond with lethal force--that is, equal force.

I do not mean that if your attacker uses a knife, you must use a knife; rather that any lethal force may be met with any lethal force. And I DO think (as I said) an illegal attack with an incapacitating weapon will be seen in most circumstances as justifying lethal force (there may be some hard-to-imagine circumstance where the defender would be reasonably certain that, after being incapacitated, he would not be harmed further; as I said, hard to imagine).
 
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