Selling Rifles To People Out-Of-State in a FTF. Potential Felon/ATF Asking For My Gun

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Evergreen

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I am selling a rifle on various forums and the strangest thing happened today. I've never been in a situation where an out-of-state person wanted to do an FTF deal and generally wrote that I only use FFLs for anything that deals with crossing state lines. Anyhow, I am selling my DPMS LR-308 rifle and a guy calls me up today who really had a lot of interest in the gun.

The guy sent me a PM on a firearm forum and I gave him my name and number. I noticed however that he has never posted on the forum before and only had 1 post, which always makes me a bit nervous. Generally, I like dealing with people who have a bit of a reputation or experience or some trace of personality via forum posts before I deal with them. Anyway, I gave him the benefit of the doubt with the 1 post and decided to let him call me.

He says he was interested in my DPMS LR-308, because his HK cannot shoot lower grade ammo. I go to tell him that my DPMS LR-308 also has tight tolerances as I put on the ad, but would probably shoot the cheaper stuff, but isn't ideal. He seemed to be ok with that. It just struck me that I was advertising it as a match type gun and he says he wants it to shoot cheaper ammo.

Well, this is where things became a bit difficult. He said he was from Washington but comes into Oregon all the time for guns shows and buys rifles from private people all the time and even goes to Idaho to buy rifles from private people and crosses the state line and that it is perfectly legal. I told him I understand it is legal to purchase it from an FFL dealer, but I had no idea of the legality of purchasing the weapon from a private person who has no license. I've always been told that any firearm transaction over state lines is considered a felony. I knew for a fact that this applies for handguns, but didn't know exactly if this was true about long guns.

So, I told the guy I would be interested to sell him the gun, but that I need to do a bit of research because I am ignorant on the laws. Well, he then proceeds to give me a bit of a hard time saying that he does it all the time, there is nothing to worry about. He then says for me to go ahead and do it. He told me to go call a local gun store or gun dealer and ask them. He told me, "I Know What they Will Tell Ya, It is Legal!" Basically, he said I was wasting my time as the gun dealers well tell me it is legal. But that I should go ahead and do it to put my mind at ease.

He also was ready to come down immediately the same day from Washington and buy the gun outright. The sale just seemed too good to be true in a lot of ways and I was getting a bit more nervous.

Well, I then proceeded to take his advice and I called some gun stores and almost everyone of them said that it probably is not legal and even one gun store told me it would be a felony if I sold any firearm to a person from another state. I then went to the ATF website to check up on this myself and it says that any sale of a firearm to an out-of-state person is only legal via a gun dealer. I'm not sure if I was reading the ATF website correctly, but that sure seemed to indicate that a private transaction with an out-of-state person is illegal. Also, the fact that the gun dealers that he told me would Ok this transaction, mostly said it was not legal, I also became more suspicious.

So, I proceeded to call the guy and tell him the situation. I said that the gun dealers I talked to told me that it was illegal, all but one store, who said they thought it was legal. I'm thinking the person who worked at the store may have been mistaken because they are an FFL. Anyway, I talked with people at a few other reputable gun stores who said it would not be legal to do personal transaction with an out-of-state resident. So, the guy then proceeds to tell me "Well, what do you expect people at gun stores to say, they just want the business!" I then told the guy I called the gun stores at his request, that I was following his advice. He didn't have an answer to that. Then he proceeds to send me an email link proving the legality. He was citing the Firearm Owner Protection Act that gives a person the right to transfer his own firearms across state line. There is nothing in this law that states anything about selling the firearm or any type of business transaction between private parties. It does use the word "Receiving", but it just seemed too vague for me to risk committing a potential felony, especially with contradictory information on the ATF site.

Well, I told the guy that I apologize and wanted to give him a great deal. I said I would do a very good deal if we used an FFL to do the transfer. He said "No, he doesn't believe in FFLs". I told him I understood that, but I just didn't have the knowledge at the time to do the transaction. He started acting upset and cursing the government, which I could understand, but I told him I had to cover my own behind.

To try to put my mind at ease from the guy, I asked if he had a Concealed Handgun License. His answer was, "No, I don't believe in concealed handgun licenses." At this point, I started to get very suspicious of the guy. He just seemed full of it to me. Why wouldn't he have a CHL? He then started to proceed to tell me what CHL means. I told him I don't need to be educated on what open-carry was and what concealed-carry was. Considering, all the other strikes going against the guy, I just couldn't trust him at all at this point. A majority of legal gun owners have CHLs, even if they do want their guns not to be acquired through FFLs.

I am now thinking , "FELON". He saw my ad that i was looking to quickly get rid of the gun and I am thinking he thought I would be desperate and be quick to take his money. However, I know selling guns FTF does have some potential risks.


Well, I turned the guy down and he then started calling my cell a few times, which was annoying. He said, he had more information for me and that I was worrying over nothing. I just grew real suspicious and didn't really want to deal with the guy.

What I would like to know is if any people here versed on gun sale laws, especially from out-of-state purchasers, can tell me if it is legal to sell a gun to someone in a private transaction who is out-of-state. I mean for all I know, the guy was legitimate and was telling the truth. Yes, I could be ignorant, but something just didn't feel right about the guy. And, I don't have any official 100% government documentation indicating that selling to someone out-of-state is legal. The only official document I may have may come from the ATF site which states it is not legal.

This will be a good learning lesson should I ever encounter this situation again. Considering, I live right near the Washington border in Oregon, cross-state transactions are a reality. E.g., I purchased a rifle at Wal-Mart in Oregon when I was living in Washington. I would really appreciate people who could share their knowledge on the subject and post some references to the information. Legal info from reputable websites or government websites would be the most desired.

I hope I wasn't being unkind turning away the transaction from this guy, but I just didn't feel right about it and he wasn't making it easy on me.
 
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When in doubt, consult an expert you know and trust.
This person is to you a total stranger. What does your gut feeling tell you? I think you have expressed it.
For all you know, he could be ATF (or some other agency) developing some type of "sting". Don't get stung, and loose everything because some person is very pushy and rude.
 
I think a good idea would be for you to call the ATF and inform them of the situation and ask if they would like to get in on the action and conduct a sting on the guy. He is trying to break the law and get you to also. I don't actually like this restriction on my rights but it is the law presently, and the people doing these things just give us law abiding bad press and further justifies the ATF's existance. I think it would be neat if it were an ATF sting on you and you get the ATF involved from your end. The real fun would be if the ATF in Or ran the sting on the ATF WA (you do realize that the left hand rarely knows what the right hand is doing.
 
The guy is absolutely 100% wrong, and he can get you into a lot of trouble.

[1] Under federal law, any transfer (with a few, narrow exceptions, e. g., by bequest under a will) from a resident of one State to a resident of another must be through an FFL.

[2] In the case of handguns, it must be an FFL in the transferee's State of residence. You may obtain a handgun in a State other than your State of residence, BUT it must be shipped by the transferor to an FFL in your State of residence to transfer the handgun to you.

[3] In the case of long guns, it may be any FFL as long as (1) the long gun is legal in the transferee's State of residence; and (2) the transfer is in compliance with the laws of the State in which it takes place; and (3) the transfer complied with the law of the transferee's State of residence.

[4] In connection with the transfer of a long gun, some FFLs will not want to handle the transfer to a resident of another State, because they may be uncertain about the laws of that State. And if the transferee resides in some States (e. g., California), the laws of the State may be such that an out-of-state FFL will not be able to conduct a transfer that complies.

[5] There are no exceptions under the applicable federal laws for gifts, whether between relatives or otherwise, nor is there any exception for transactions between relatives.

[6] The relevant federal laws may be found at: 18 USC 922(a)(3); 18 USC 922(a)(5); and 18 USC 922(b)(3).
 
Your buyer is an idiot....

Evergreen ....I then went to the ATF website to check up on this myself and it says that any sale of a firearm to an out-of-state person is only legal via a gun dealer. I'm not sure if I was reading the ATF website correctly, but that sure seemed to indicate that a private transaction with an out-of-state person is illegal...

ATF couldn't make it any more clear:

http://www.atf.gov/firearms/faq/unlicensed-persons.html

("Licensee" means a licensed dealer or licensed manufacturer)

Q: To whom may an unlicensed person transfer firearms under the GCA?A person may sell a firearm to an unlicensed resident of his State, if he does not know or have reasonable cause to believe the person is prohibited from receiving or possessing firearms under Federal law. A person may loan or rent a firearm to a resident of any State for temporary use for lawful sporting purposes, if he does not know or have reasonable cause to believe the person is prohibited from receiving or possessing firearms under Federal law. A person may sell or transfer a firearm to a licensee in any State. However, a firearm other than a curio or relic may not be transferred interstate to a licensed collector.

[18 U.S.C. 922(a)(3) and (5), 922(d), 27 CFR 478.29 and 478.30]

Q: From whom may an unlicensed person acquire a firearm under the GCA?A person may only acquire a firearm within the person’s own State, except that he or she may purchase or otherwise acquire a rifle or shotgun, in person, at a licensee’s premises in any State, provided the sale complies with State laws applicable in the State of sale and the State where the purchaser resides. A person may borrow or rent a firearm in any State for temporary use for lawful sporting purposes.

[18 U.S.C. 922(a)(3) and (5), 922(b)(3), 27 CFR 478.29 and 478.30]

Q: May an unlicensed person obtain a firearm from an out-of-State source if the person arranges to obtain the firearm through a licensed dealer in the purchaser’s own State?A person not licensed under the GCA and not prohibited from acquiring firearms may purchase a firearm from an out-of-State source and obtain the firearm if an arrangement is made with a licensed dealer in the purchaser’s State of residence for the purchaser to obtain the firearm from the dealer.

[18 U.S.C. 922(a)(3) and 922(b)(3)]
 
while your guy does sound shady i must say that (so far as i know) the laws stated above dont apply to person to person sales. you may sell your weapon to anyone that you KNOW is not able to buy it. an individual does not have the resources to check someone as a dealer would. all in all...you would NOT be in trouble for selling to this person.

however, i think you did the proper thing. this is just the sort of thing that gives the anti's ammo against respectful gun owners.
 
i must say that (so far as i know) the laws stated above dont apply to person to person sales.

"So far as you know" indeed! Unfortunately, you do not know. Your advice would have the OP commit a felony under Federal law. Firearms transfers across State lines may be done only through an FFL.
 
The buyer has no idea what he's talking about. If you wanted to do the deal (though I understand you've backed out) you could have offered to do the transfer at a FFL local to you so he wouldn't have to pay shipping, but then that gets in the way of his "I don't believe in FFLs" statement :rolleyes:. I would also try to stay out of the ATF sting business (both sides) if I were you. It just seems like too much hassle, and then your gun is evidence, and you don't even get the money. If you're lucky, you can sell it in a few years. Though I don't see a problem with calling up their local branch and saying "John Smith living in xxxxxx tried to entice me into committing an illegal firearms transfer, you may want to look him up".

I know its not really a question of yours, but there are reasons why an otherwise legitimate/legal gun owner wouldn't have a CCW. For instance, no one in my family but myself has a CCW, but all are legal gun owners and shoot occasionally and could be in the market for a rifle. (Though my mother recently decided that she wants a CCW after all, which is a huge victory for me as I've been trying to convince both my parents to get one for several years.)

All in all, definitely listen to your gut if something doesn't feel right. Also, when I ask people to do something that they *think* or feel would be illegal (selling a pistol to someone under 21 but over 18) I always offered complete legal documentation, both federal and state/local that everything was legal. That included showing them the statutes as well as giving them the citation so that they could verify it. I also have several CCWs which I think really helps demonstrate that everything is legit. To counter someone saying "I'm not sure, but I think that's illegal" with "of course it's not! I do it all the time!" is just stupid.
 
Why all the hub bub? With all these questions you have now certainly answered your own question - don't do the deal. If you had asked no questions and zero suspicions a ftf deal with an apparent adult would have been fine.
 
The potential buyer isnt "from another state" if he's ftf in your state.

* and you had no knowledge he was from out of state.
 
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Either walk away or handle it legally through FFL. While I disagree with these particular laws, they are serious and must be adhered to. An inexpensive rifle or small profit is a ludicrous reason to risk a serious criminal offense.
 
The potential buyer isnt "from another state" if he's ftf in your state.
The buyer stated he was from Washington. The seller is in Oregon. It doesn't matter what state the buyer is standing in at the moment of the transfer; his state of residence is what matters. If buyer and seller are not residents of the same state, the transfer must go through an FFL in the buyer's state of residence.
 
baylorattorney said:
...The potential buyer isnt "from another state" if he's ftf in your state. ...
That is absolutely wrong.

18 USC 922(a)(5) reads, in pertinent part (emphasis added):
a) It shall be unlawful—
...

(5) for any person (other than a licensed importer, licensed manufacturer, licensed dealer, or licensed collector) to transfer, sell, trade, give, transport, or deliver any firearm to any person ... who the transferor knows or has reasonable cause to believe does not reside in ... the State in which the transferor resides;...

I would have thought that a lawyer would have a better understanding of the law.

Oh, and in this particular case, based on the OP, the prospective seller actually knows that the prospective buy is a resident of another State.
 
If a man came up to me and wanted to by my rifle and I sold it to him it's all perfectly legal even if that man then drove back to his residence across the state line. I had no knowledge he was from out of state and no duty to inquire. Therefore, I lacked the culpable mental state to have committed the crime. That is the hypothetical I alluded to above. The OP did state that the buyer travelled to his home state often and a person may have more than one residence, so it is possible the buyer resided in the sellers home state too. What I'm saying is if the seller hadn't asked so many questions or had knowledge the buyer resided solely out of state, he could have sold the weapon ftf and been within the law.
 
The guy is probably trying to save a few bucks or gain some privacy by avoiding the use of an FFL. Just tell him you are unwilling to violate the law and stop making a big deal out of it. If he wants the rifle, he can pay the FFL fees. if not, move on to another buyer. No need for all the drama.
 
baylorattorney said, "What I'm saying is if the seller hadn't asked so many questions or had knowledge the buyer resided solely out of state, he could have sold the weapon ftf and been within the law."

The problem is that the OP spoke of questions and knowledge, which makes your commentary irrelevant to the thread.

One subject to a thread, please. Don't drag in extraneous, unrelated points.
 
If a man came up to me and wanted to by my rifle and I sold it to him it's all perfectly legal even if that man then drove back to his residence across the state line. I had no knowledge he was from out of state and no duty to inquire. Therefore, I lacked the culpable mental state to have committed the crime. That is the hypothetical I alluded to above. The OP did state that the buyer travelled to his home state often and a person may have more than one residence, so it is possible the buyer resided in the sellers home state too. What I'm saying is if the seller hadn't asked so many questions or had knowledge the buyer resided solely out of state, he could have sold the weapon ftf and been within the law.
Uh, ya.

I'm glad I'm not one of your clients. I have a feeling that any number of them are going to spend time making little rocks out of big ones.
 
baylorattorney If a man came up to me and wanted to by my rifle and I sold it to him it's all perfectly legal even if that man then drove back to his residence across the state line. I had no knowledge he was from out of state and no duty to inquire. Therefore, I lacked the culpable mental state to have committed the crime. That is the hypothetical I alluded to above. The OP did state that the buyer travelled to his home state often and a person may have more than one residence, so it is possible the buyer resided in the sellers home state too. What I'm saying is if the seller hadn't asked so many questions or had knowledge the buyer resided solely out of state, he could have sold the weapon ftf and been within the law.

You are wrong.......seriously wrong.

It's nowhere close to being "perfectly legal" as both buyer and seller committed separate violations of Federal law.

Note that Federal law expressly prohibits the transfer of a firearm to anyone who is not a resident of your state. Whether or not you are aware of the buyers state of residence is not a factor....it's still a violation of Federal law.

Your "culpable mental state" will not help you very much when you are indicted. While you may eventually beat the rap, you won't beat the ride.
 
baylorattorney said:
...What I'm saying is if the seller hadn't asked so many questions or had knowledge the buyer resided solely out of state, he could have sold the weapon ftf...
On the other hand, there may be a good reason to to ask some questions.

The prudent seller will make some effort to identify the buyer and document the transaction in case the weapon later winds up connected with a crime and gets traced back to the seller. And the prudent buyer makes some effort to identify the seller and document the transaction in case the weapon winds up to have been reported stolen.

It's true that various sellers and various buyers have differing levels of risk aversion. Some may knowingly, and for their own reasons, conduct their business in a less than prudent fashion. But it's not something I, as a lawyer, would recommend.
 
OP had no reason to feel bad. You don't know the guy, you don't owe him anything. I like to think I would have walked away from the sale at an earlier point. Life is too short to have to deal with idiots.
 
dogtown tom said:
Note that Federal law expressly prohibits the transfer of a firearm to anyone who is not a resident of your state. Whether or not you are aware of the buyers state of residence is not a factor....it's still a violation of Federal law.

Please post the Federal law that says such? The mere act of selling a firearm to an out of state resident is not illegal. ALL of the elements of the statute must be met to be guilty.

I put a gun up for sale here on THR. Guy answers the ad. I ask him, are you a resident of my state. He says yes. I sell him the gun. He takes the gun across the state line back to his state of residence. He lied to me. I have violated no law, even though I did sell a gun to a resident of a different state. There's no requirement in the statute for me to even ask.

Read the statute, and notice what ALL the elements of the statute are.

§ 922. Unlawful acts
(a) It shall be unlawful—
(5) for any person (other than a licensed importer, licensed manufacturer, licensed dealer, or licensed collector) to transfer, sell, trade, give, transport, or deliver any firearm to any person (other than a licensed importer, licensed manufacturer, licensed dealer, or licensed collector) who the transferor knows or has reasonable cause to believe does not reside in (or if the person is a corporation or other business entity, does not maintain a place of business in) the State in which the transferor resides

The OP, in the case described in the OP, would have violated the law because he did have reasonable cause to believe the person was not a same state resident.
 
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