Shotgun Ballistics Gelatin and Patterning Testing - Protocol??

Status
Not open for further replies.

BrobeeBiter

Member
Joined
Jun 16, 2003
Messages
134
Location
Calgary, Alberta, Canada
Hi there folks!

So about 10 years ago (before my kids came!), I had a website where I chronicled a big ballistic gelatin shooting extravaganza I'd spent a winter doing. I tested in ballistics gel pretty much everything from #9 shot all the way through the various buckshots and even a handful of different slugs. I also did a whole bunch of .223 and .308 rounds. Not only did I have a tonne of fun in the process, but I also learned a whole lot.

Then for various reasons, several years ago I took down the website where all the results were catalogued. I've allowed some of the photographs to survive over in one of the stickied forums at shotgunworld.com, and they occasionally get referenced over here in response to questions asked in the shotgun forums, such as the current one on lead BB as a self defense round: http://www.thehighroad.org/showthread.php?t=726263

In fact, on another forum in a similarly themed thread my old ballistics gel tests came up again and it got me a bit nostalgic as I remembered how much fun it had been to do all the testing. It also got me thinking about how much better it could be in today's world of HD cameras and YouTube!

That was pretty much it then....I knew what my next project would be and I got busy!

In addition to better video equipment and better media delivery mechanisms, there were other improvements to make. The first was in the actual preparation of the gelatin. Previously, I had been constrained to winter gelatin testing only, as I was using my unheated garage as the source of refrigeration required to make and store the gelatin blocks. I would have to wait until it was cold outside, then use a small space heated to keep my garage at 5 degrees C. I only had one gelatin mold, so it would take me a while to make enough gelatin, and then I would have to wait until the weather was 5 degrees outside so that I could move the gelatin to the range, get setup, and then shoot it while was still the proper temperature. Talk about a pain!

This time around I wanted the freedom to make/store gelatin at any time of the year, so I set out to make a poorly refrigerator that I could tow anywhere. It is pretty much a chest framed with 2x4s and lined with 4 inches of rigid board insulation. It sits on my utility trailer (so I can tow it anywhere), and is powered by a room air conditioner I've redneck-engineered to maintain 4 degrees celsius inside the chest.

Inbetween bouts of building the refrigerated chest, I got on the phone and ordered up 50 lbs of ballistics gelatin, some dimethylpolysiloxane (de-foamer), and propionic acid (mold & fungus inhibitor). I also had a local sheet meta fabricator make me two 8.5x10x18 gelatin molds from 18 gauge stainless. The last of the materials arrived last week, and this past weekend I set up to cast the first blocks....I was thrilled when the first block slid out of the mold!

gel_fridge_a.jpg


gel_fridge_b.jpg


gel_fridge_c.jpg


gel_fridge_d.jpg

Now a week later my refrigerated chest is pretty much full, and I'm getting organized for the long weekend to go out to the farm for the first bout of shotgun ballistics gelatin shooting! I'm starting out with a good selection of steel and lead BB, BBB, and #4 buckshot (both plated and unplaced, some with flight control wads and others with conventional wads). My second outing will focus on 00 buckshot and slugs, and I'll also do a session with a large variety of birdshot.

My plan is to do a separate video for each shell I'm testing, and to not only do the gelatin test but also some pattern testing at various ranges, and here's where I'd like feedback from all you folks....my question relates to the patterning component of the test protocol.

One option I'm considered is to take two shotguns - one a cylinder bored remington 870 and the other an 870 express with a screw in modified choke. I'd then do pattern testing at 10, 20, and 30 yards on a 3 foot by 3 foot patterning board. This would give a good visual representation of how a pattern grows over distance, and would also provide a preliminary contrast on the effects of choke for any given load.

The second option I'm considering is pretty much the same test as outlined above, however with two cylinder bored guns. One would be an 870 marine magnum, and the other would be a 590 mariner. The main learning from this test would be to see if, across a large spectrum of shotshells, two cylinder bored guns from different manufacturers produce comparable patterns.

Then the third option I was considering was to fix the patterning distance to 15 yards....close enough to have reasonably tight density but far enough away that the contrast between chokes and wad technologies is evident. I would then use 4 different guns for the pattern test - a cylinder bored 870, a cylinder bored 590, an 870 express with a modified choke, and a benelli m4 super with a modified choke. This is sort of a hybrid between the first two test outlined, and while it does not establish the maximum useful range of a choke/load combo, it gives the most amount of comparable observations across a large number of guns.

So re test protocol - which protocol did you choose and why?

Thanks for your thoughts!

Cheers,

Brobee
 
I think the third, middle ground, option would be interesting but why not just use two different guns with the same choke and change one to show the effect of that? Fewer shots -- good data and info. So, OC and Modified Mossberg shots and an OC Remington shot.

Kudos for this!!!
 
Wow! Thank you for posting this here! I've appreciated having your old pictures handy at times and am quite happy that you'd share your new findings with us at THR!

We are much obliged!
 
I'd suggest you not shoot the FliteControl out of a MOD choke - MOD will likely make patterns bigger, not smaller. The other loads, I don't know what will do what with your barrels - a MOD choke might work well for them.

Best bet IMHO is to pattern the various loads on paper first and decide what choke you want to use to actually shoot the blocks with, and at what range.

With an 8.5X10" block, you might be able to get FliteControl loads to pattern fully in the block out well past 25 yards. I can get 4" patterns at 25 yards with Federal LE 127-00 with a couple of the 870 CYL barrels here.

One oft-stated concern with buckshot is its penetration ability at longer range. That would be nice to see addressed... say with a layer of denim and t-shirt over the block as well, to see if that had any influence...

Leave it to us to complicate things, right? :D

If you'll PM me a snailmail address, I'll be happy to kick in a few bucks to help support the tests.
 
I have seen a lot of shotguns patterned over the years. I have yet to see a shotgun of any make or model that didn't hold a tighter pattern with Winchester Super X ammo. Smaller shot will hold a tighter pattern in any gun. No matter what choke your shotgun has there will be less shot deformation with smaller shot. Cylinder or improved cylinder always ends up being the best choke for buckshot. The key to holding a good pattern with buckshot is eliminating shot deformation.

The laws of physics are simple. No matter how fast you launch a round ball it will rapidly lose velocity within 45 yards. This fact is why the mini ball was so devastating during the civil war. Civil war officers had to see thousands of soldiers slaughtered before they changed techniques to protect the men that served under them. Officers were schooled in Napoleonic tactics that were based the range and accuracy of the round ball. Buckshot is a round ball and it will not perform any differently.
 
Got out today and had a round of 12 Gauge BB Extravaganza! Tested 9 different loads in total, all in their own 8.5x8.5x18 calibrated 10% ordnance gelatin.

Will post some results as time allows....as well as a video clip where you'll get to see what a steel BB looks like as it passes through the camera. D'OH! Time for another trip to the camera shop.

In the interim...some teaser results:

In the patterning department with my cylinder bored and improved cylinder bored guns, I was most impressed with Federal's Black Cloud Steel BBB and Hornady's Varmint Express nickel plated lead BB, both with flight control wads. These two loads patterned far better than anything else I tried, including a bunch of conventional BB loads through my guns with modified chokes. They also had good ballistic gel performance, and especially interesting was the permanent crush cavities of the Black Cloud oblong ringed shot.

Least impressive (but lots of close seconds!) was Winchester's Blind Side square BB's load. It had a massively open pattern in just about everything, and it's ordnance gelatin ballistic performance was significantly less than most others. It's got a fancy wad that seems like it is something of a hybrid between a flight control wad and a regular wad, but it did definately does not perform anything close to as effectively as the federal wad.

So thanks to all for your input! I'm looking forwards to sharing the BB results and then getting back out to do #4 buckshot and 00 buckshot. As I smoked my camera before I could record the pattern testing results the format of the videos will be a bit different. Rest assured though I'll post video of the gel tests soon! (And if you all g easy on me, perhaps a video of the infamous camera incident too). Maybe some cell phone photos of some pattern testing too...;)

Cheers,

Brobee
 
Last edited:
So I replaced my camera lens and got out to shoot some more gelatin and video. Also have had a couple of patterning outings - woohoo! The end result is I now have a monster volume of video to cut/slice/dice together....it's gonna take a while! In the interim, here's a couple of photo teasers:


Cross Section of inches 9 through 11 of the gel block shot with Remington T-Sized Nitro Steel:

Gelatin_ShotCloud_Steel_T_a.jpg

Gelatin_ShotCloud_Steel_T_b.jpg


And here's a patterning teaser, illustrating the magnitude of different pattern performance through the same gun at the same distance:

Pattern_BlackCLoud_BBB_a.jpg

Pattern_Upland_Lead_BB.jpg

Hope you all had a great summer!

Cheers,

Brobee
 
Very nice, compact job Brobee! Little more gelatin block measurement view and commentary would be helpful, no?

Anxious to see 3" Magnum 000 Plated Buck -- even foot the bill!

;)
 
Neat test but it is centered on too light of a shot charge.
Todays military ,medical and Police tests (FBI) have proven the need for at least a #4 Buckshot load to reach vitals and end fights.
Birdshot at close range leaves some terrible but shallow wounds and I am sure they end a fight quickly but as tests proved you must hit vital organs to be effective.
Tests of the #4 to "000" shot loads should be done/ You'd think that some ammo company would sponsor suvh tests?
Thanks for printing your results!
BPDave
 
Just finished editing up Episode 1.1 on Winchester's BlindSide Elite Steel Hex BB:

http://youtu.be/CZzbHavPA8k

I've got alot left to edit: 4 more BB rounds (various steel, lead, and plated lead), a couple BBB & T rounds, 4 varieties of plated and unplated #4 buckshot, some #2 buckshot, and 4 different loads of 00 buck.

I'm back into gelatin production mode too, and in my next batch of shooting I'll start knocking off the slugs....:)

Cheers, and thanks for watching!

Brobee
 
Last edited:
Thanks for all of your work doing this!

I really like your second option as that is the principal home defense configuration and there is a lot of variation in shot that works great. If you could thrown in one at 5 yards it would be very interesting to see.

And thanks again!!:D
 
I like it!

Ref. the pattern test variations with increasingly larger patterns using increasingly tighter chokes, that duplicates my experience with FliteControl type wads (as per my post above).

As to pellet deformation, I have heard and seen discussions in the past regarding the 'pool ball effect' on pellets impacting in a tight group. That may well be what you are seeing in the shot in your most recent video. More testing would indeed be interesting. Wish you had a high speed camera, or access to one! You're already on your way to becoming this generation's Bob Brister* at the rate you're going :D.

*author of the classic reference book Shotgunning: The Art And The Science
http://www.amazon.com/Shotgunning-Science-Second-Bob-Brister/dp/1602393273
 
brobee.. along with your proposed test series... here's a patterning regime you might want to consider... Instead of setting targets at various ranges for single shots you might want to set up a series of frames holding only paper - an all in perfect alignment so a single round can be tracked at 3m, 7, 10, 15, etc. Using only paper shouldn't change the flight pattern at all... the only thing you'd have to do is try to keep the shotgun and point of impact on the paper targets (3x3 as a starting point) in a perfectly horizontal line.... One added benefit of this would be the rise or fall of the pattern in flight (since you won't get a perfectly straight line from start to finish..). Hope this helps.
 
BrobeeBiter

First of all thanks again for doing this. I have watched everything you have on YouTube and the results are both surprising and educational. You are seriously reinforcing my long held belief that a shotgun is an awesome home defense weapon.

With the buckshot and cylinder bore I think 5 and 10 and 20 would be very instructional. That is my setup for my HD shotgun so I am being very greedy here.

I have always wondered how easy it would be to miss at close distance because of the tighter pattern. I think there is a myth that general direction will do and I know that has to be wrong especially at closer distance (and under a lot of stress!) And I have always wondered how much it will spread out at 10 or 20 yards. I know they are all different and I will get around to taking mine to the range soon.

What ever you decide I will be watching! Here is a pic of my recently re configured 870.
 

Attachments

  • 870 HD.jpg
    870 HD.jpg
    30.3 KB · Views: 9
just come back from cabela's store near baton rouge louisiana with a bunch of ammo including a box of hornady heavy mag 3" 12 ga nickel plated lead bb shot. 1 1/2 oz. @ 1300 fps.

tc, i just saw your video on the lead bb shot. i plan on using the above for home defense since my house and neighbors are wood/siding and not brick. i would be shooting less than 10 yards in the house.

fantastic videos. thanks.
 
Got another one edited and uploaded last night:

As requested by a viewer, here's Remington's Express Long Range Lead BB:

http://youtu.be/KnyJ9t8yO_Y

Will be leaving the bb world for now, next up is Federal's Premium 00 buckshot into gelatin at 5 yards, 20 yards, and 40 yards.

Cheers!

Brobee
 
Last edited:
Another nice vid. 2.75 in. Rem Express lead BB. I'm confused. On pattern test gun #3 (Rem 870 Police Imp Cyc) you WRITE on the target 47 outside 14 inside the 12 in disk, but then script the video displaying 57 and 40 hits. This also totals far above your average shot count of "just over 60" contained in the shell.

I'm sure this is an editing mistake.
 
that hornady heavy mag 3" 12 ga nickel plated lead bb shot. 1 1/2 oz. @ 1300 fps will not eject out of my 3" chamber mossberg 500! its a hair too long after its shot. that is the only 12 ga round that has ever caused problems in my mossberg and i have tried them all. but it did split a big post from 5 yards.

i wasted $15 on a box of 10 but learned two things. use 2 3/4" in a 3" chamber, less chance of malfunctions even though i used hundreds of 3" steel shot before. and hornady must be new at making shotgun shells.
 
that hornady heavy mag 3" 12 ga nickel plated lead bb shot. 1 1/2 oz. @ 1300 fps will not eject out of my 3" chamber mossberg 500! its a hair too long after its shot. that is the only 12 ga round that has ever caused problems in my mossberg and i have tried them all. but it did split a big post from 5 yards.

i wasted $15 on a box of 10 but learned two things. use 2 3/4" in a 3" chamber, less chance of malfunctions even though i used hundreds of 3" steel shot before. and hornady must be new at making shotgun shells


It's usually the plated steel heads or rims that cause the sticking. Very long plated steel bases can cause it as well as the rims regardless of base length. If what you think is causing the problem were actually causing it then you need to contact hornady as that's a very dangerous condition that will burst a barrel in short order. BTW hornady probably doesn't manufacture the hulls, but rather they're probably manufactured by federal or winchester, but that's just a guess.
 
Status
Not open for further replies.
Back
Top