Not many, and certainly not all the special tools an armorer uses. For a one time build, it's pretty simple.
Pair of vice grips with taped jaws to start roll pins
Old drill bits to finish centering them
Small hammer to tap on the bits
Some kind of large pliers to turn the barrel nut enough to get the gas tube to pass thru.
The combination wrench sold that "does it all" is a nice to have but isn't
necessary. Neither is a torque wrench, and the spec to turn the barrel nut is a minimum 30 pounds, you try not to exceed 80 to prevent stripping the threads on the upper nose.
Lots of tips and tricks are here:
http://www.ar15.com/forums/t_3_4/22...__GAS_BLOCK___Step_by_step_instructions_.html
A block of wood that will fit in the mag well secured to something strong is about it. It holds the lower with the upper attached to tighten the barrel nut. That and a pair of bib overalls and a lumberyard hat - because even an old hillbilly can assemble a working AR and do it right.
It's not about the tools, it's really about knowing what to do and the forces involved are in the range a 12 year old girl can handle. One of the absolutely remarkable features of the AR is that it's design eliminates all the fancy gunsmithing, tools, presses, and special procedures IF you buy the barrel with the extension on it and already headspaced. After that, the rocket science already fixed everything else.