Short answer: .45
Long answer: see below (I think it's a more complete answer)
This thread caught my eye for a couple reasons: My dad used to talk a lot about the 10mm, and even bought a Glock chambered in such; and, I like the woods, so having a proper critter gun strapped to your leg is a nice thing think about.
I realize the OP'er asked the question of .45 vs. 10, and I certainly don't want to hijack a thread, but I was happy to read that some had offered the idea of other calibers.
My dad stopped talking about 10mm and sold his Glock when the .357 Sig came out. (my dad is not all-knowing, but I respect his reasoning about ballistics)
With regards to that link to the 'Perfect 10', wow, what a nice piece. But that's a lot of price for that too.
I'm also a giant .45 ACP/1911 nut. I love them. They have done a great job serving my country on battlefields, and ranges for a long time. But, critters don't respond the same way people do when they get hit with a bullet, and that's important to consider. If we're limiting the discussion to auto-loaders that's also important to know. If we're discussing ammo availability and cost, then IMHO the .45 wins, hands down. If you're looking for performance, and not volume, then the debate opens up a lot more. Since penetration is important when considering large, furry critters, then some other rounds that should belong in this debate are, but not limited too: .357 Sig, .357 Mag, 5.7 x 28mm.
I currently own the tiny Glock in .357 sig (33?), and I can't stand the darn thing. Its a fine made product, I just hate how it feels, but I didn't like it when I bought it. I got it 'cuz it's small, and packs a punch and holds 10+1 rounds. To me, it's not a 'shooter', it's a 'defender'. I'm willing to have harder to find ammo, that I can't reload, for 'defenders', but not for shooters.
So, if it's between ONLY those two calibers, and for defense then get the 10. If you want a shooter, get the .45.
But, if you want to have a gun you can put in 'shooter' rounds and practice, and get familiar with your gun, then swap out the bbl, and load 'defender' rounds, then consider a gun that can swap barrels, and rotate between the .40S&W and the .357Sig.
If all calibers are considered, and you don't really care about shooting, and want defense only, in an auto-loader format, consider that 5.7x28, I'll bet it penetrates better than any of them.
I'm getting tooled up to reload, and I'm drooling over that FiveseveN.
But I don't plan on reloading for that gun. I'm ready to just accept that shooting that gun is going to cost full cartridges. I also don't plan to reload for the .357 Sig, but that may change.
But after all my emotional biases, opinions and ramblings, you want a
particular gun, then by all means, buy
that gun!
Good luck with your choice,
PE