I shot a deer with a .223 55 grain soft point from an AR-15 at 50 yards quartering me. That deer was bloods shot from all get out. Lost both shoulders, and half the back straps.
Shot two deer this year with a .25-06 115 grain BT @ 300 yards. Fist size holes going in. The bullets exited. Bloodshot meat was minimum.
Shoot deer with a 30-30 125 grain Sierra FNHP moving at 2150 fps at 60 yards (just one for example) straight on in the chest @ a slight angle. Bullet exited behind the ribs. Not much blood shot meat, but there was a half dollar size hole going in, and a fist size hole coming out. I never see a deer bleed so much as with the 30-30 125 grain HP loading.
My favorite deer caliber? Whatever gun I have at the time that I can shoot them in the neck, chest, broadside or high shoulder. My preferred caliber though? .25-06 hands down without a doubt the most lights out caliber I have witnessed with deer, as well as pigs, coyotes and crows. There is something about the .25-06. The math just adds up. I shoot 115 grain Combined Technologies Ballistic Tips. They get delivered with an immediate shut off notice to the whitetail. LIGHTS OUT!