I started answering this, and found you really have to write a book to describe all the differences. Lets just say that the guns of the thirties were much better fit than at any other time period, with much more individual care at a much higher skill level of the workers.
Few of the same models are still made, todays Model 10 is the same as the M&P K-frame 38 special, 617 is close to the K22 Outdoorsman. S&W is supposed to be re-introducing the Model 63, which would be close to a 22/32 target model. I suppose a 317 is the closest you can get to the 22/32 kit gun. There aren't any 32 caliber guns still made by S&W, they just discontinued the last of them this year, but the 431 isn't that far from the 32 caliber I-frame guns. When you get to the N-frame guns, things change as the Heavy Duty and Outdoorsman models were 38 specials, and S&W stopped making 38 Special N frames in 1968. The Registered Magnums (the first 357 firearm) are so much more expensive than anything S&W makes now, and so much better made, that they are difficult to compare. Todays Performance center 327 are much lighter than a registered magnum, but the trigger pulls really can't be compared, nor can the level of polishing & finishing as todays guns aren't polished at all. I suppose the 44 Special guns would be todays 44 Magnums. Most S&W guns made in the thirties were fixed sight guns, today almost everything S&W makes has target sights; it indicates the different use that the guns had back then to todays target shooters.
S&W makes many more models of guns today, some with titanium cylinders, scandium/aluminium and plain aluminium frames, but actually during the thirties it was much easier to get the gun YOU wanted as the factory would accept a custom order directly from the end customer, something they refuse to do today.