So nice to see much absolute certainty about the outcome of this rifle bursting open as either being that the guy was killed or he was not. I think it possible he or she could have been injured if only because the rifle was left behind. If nothing else that could have been some conversation/training piece. I would have taken it. Of course, I realize some would have chucked it but my guess is most would have kept it to to show what they had survived; unless maybe it was a kid who blew up dad's or grand dad's rifle.
As for wounds and possible death of the shooter: many people have died due to minimally serious injuries because they went into a panic or into shock. A small injury due to a catastrophic rupture of the rifle like that could cause quite some confusion and could cause injuries to the hands, arms, face, eyes, etc. One then could more easily get lost in the woods. For sure, I was not there for this one but, I have seen injuries result from less severe accidents than this one. Amazing how the shooters react to minimal injuries even at the range, often like big babies or people who are about to die.
Now I am not suggesting for a fact that this person died or even likely died; however, it is possible that such could have taken place as an indirect result of any injuries sustained when this rifle blew like that. Some have assumed it likely that this took place in a hunting season when it was cold out and the shooter was clad in heavy clothes and gloves. This is assumption at best. Even if correct, a chunk of metal, or a tiny bit, could have found an eye or both eyes (how many shooters wear eye protection while hunting - not as many as do at the range). I have hunted in November and December in upstate NY when temps were in the negative digits but, I have also hunted the same areas in the same months (different years) where the temps were in the mid to high 50s and rarely in the 60s. I sure do not wear heavy clothing or gloves when it is that warm. Now maybe it never gets that warm in hunting season where the gun was found but, why did it have to burst like that only in deer hunting season (i.e.: in the fall when cold). I have often taken guns far afield for some fun shooting in warmer months. Even then (in warmer times) of course, the forestock would have given some protection but; splintered wood can also cause severe cuts and punctures.
I grant that there is a good possibility that no one was seriously hurt but, there is also a small to fair chance that someone could have been hurt slightly to moderately or even badly. This could have led to confusion, panic, shock, etc, which all could have led to disaster. That is why I recommended checking with local authorities (near where the rifle was discovered) to determine if anyone who may have owned or carried that Marlin had gone missing. Of course the authorities may not be interested. Then again, as unlikely as it may seem, this may be the key to solving a missing person's case and they may be quite interested.
By the way, where was the gun found (what state and what area of the state), and what year was it found? I would be interested in checking myself,if you don't mind, to determine if there were any missing persons such as hunters, shooters, hikers, children who may have been carrying this rifle when it burst. Just that curiosity of mine going full bore over a hopefully benign mystery.
All the best,
Glenn B