two scenarios....each with different requirements.....
1.) Engage at distance...
Things at see can happen at longer ranges. Vessels on the high seas don't get close to one another accept for good reason, and ALWAYS make radio contact on the standard channel before they do. You are obligated to take action to avoid a collision and this is done in accordance with the "Rules of the Road". Any vessel on the high seas that's getting close (<1,000 yds) is a collision risk. If they do not respond when hailed on the radio, your uncle will be maneuvering to open range and avoid collision (even if he's the stand on vessel, your still required to take action to avoid a collision). If your uncle maneuvers to give way, an the suspect vessel maneuvers to intercept/close......Something's very wrong. It's either the Coast Guard, someone who needs help or trouble. If he can't out run them and then puts glass on them and sees armed men and no government agency markings.....that would be all the reason I would need. So your talking about a very real possibility of engaging at 500yds..... and that aint gonna happen with a 9mm or a shotgun. Definitely an application for a high powered rifle.
By way of an anecdote, the skipper of a 50' Schooner who has sailed around the world three times told me he always sails with a .30-06 rifle.
I like the M-14 option myself and would want to have several 20 round mags.
Consider that most marine craft are made of fiberglass, and a 180 gr+ is going to go through more things and still have energy left to hurt things on the other side.
2.) Repel Boarders.
What really sucks about these pirate type scenarios is that you are sure to be out numbered. Employing a high power rifle accurately at range would go a long ways to keep the heathens at bay. May send them looking for easier pickings elsewhere.
But if they get close and make it on board, it's a different game. Not a lot of room to move around...need a short barreled one shot stopper. Preferably one that won't incapacitate your own vessel with collateral damage. The 870 marine sounds like a great option to me.
FWIW, the small arms locker on board our submarine (which was an oldie but a goody) inventoried the M-14s (top side sentry up in the sail), short barrel 870s with a PG and under-folder (roving topside sentry), and model 1911 .45 acp pistols (Petty Officer of the Deck, Duty Chief and Ship's Duty Officer). These were the in-port watches....at see, the submarine is the top of the food chain ..... definately the #1 predator, small arms are locked up in their proper place.