What probably brought this question up is the Taurus Judge, Public Defender, et. al, plus the Bond Derringer, all of whom shoot both the .45 Colt and .410 shotgun shells.
The fact is, these pistols were made first to withstand the pressures of the .45 Colt round, and then the chambers were bored to accept the .410 shotgun shells. They weren't engineered to accept the lower pressures of the shotgun load, and then someone had the idea of dropping in a .45 Colt round to see if it would work.
I've fired both the Taurus Judge and Bond derringer with both .45 Colt ammunition and 2 1/2" .410 shotgun shells. With full power .45 Colt loads, the derringer recoil was a little stout, but not something that was unmanagable. The Taurus Judge was also a handful, but again nothing that couldn't be handled by the average pistol shooter. After firing them, I knew they weren't for me, but they do turn some people's cranks.
As for firing .45 Colt rounds through a .410 shotgun, it shouldn't be attempted.
Hope this helps.
Fred