my take on a few things...
Geeze, leave for a few days... and suddenly we are comparing a home owning crime victim to a security guard and Rodney King....
A Commissioned Security Guard does the right to detain, however most security companies that employ those guards do not want the liability issue if their $8.00 an hour employee screws up... and given the chance they would, given their level of training and expertise.... Therefore they generally put policies in place against it.. it is why many businesses hire off duty police officers instead of security guards.. it shifts the responsibility from the business and onto the individual officer,and to the police department that employs them... You are talking about yourself and your home here... You and only you make the determination as to how far you are willing to go..
Rodney King, doesn't even apply, those were police officers that were repeatedly assaulting a man that was down, the use of force in his arrest may have been initially justified, but they carried it too far.. As police officers we were taught, You use force only when you HAVE too... when you do use it, mean it, anyone worth hitting is worth hitting as hard as you can... violence of action is a means in and of itself.. but bear in mind, people are watching, and "Brutality begins, where resistance ends..."
You as a property owner do have rights, and detaining someone who has broken into your home, or committed a crime against your person or property, you are perfectly within your rights in most jurisdictions to detain that individual.. You just can't beat the heck out of him because you feel like it..
Handcuffs, not many have them laying around, zip ties, if you have them, no problem in using them, just don't "Over Apply" them... there is no problem either with holding someone at gunpoint... Myself, there is no way I would "Just let them leave" But this is ME.. my background is different from many on this forum...
Use of force on a fleeing suspect, varies from state to state, check your states laws.. in NEVER looks good if the holes are in the back, for police officers, it is the kiss of death for your freedom and career. However citizens are judged by a different and looser standard in most jurisdictions.. for the answer to than one, check your own individual state laws.. and your own gut.
Previous versions of the laws in Texas on the use of force were pretty loose, Authorized in many cases, Fleeing from a felony, an aggravated felony, arson, or theft or criminal mischief committed during the night time regardless of the aggregate amount of theft or damage created by the criminal mischief.. Now those laws have been changed, the criminal mischief during the the night time language removed, as well as a misdemeanor theft during the night time allowance, and the former language of "with no reasonable right to recover property by other means" has been removed.. But hey, they gave us the Castle Law... mixed feelings on that one, the old law was pretty lenient..
Liability for the use of handcuffs? Not really, they would have to prove intent, and that they were intentionally applied in a manner calculated to cause harm.. the only harm that I can see from a set of tight cuffs is temporary nerve aggravation to the wrists, and then only in a prolonged application, for HOURS very tight.. Heck if an officer doesn't take time to lock the cuff, suspects often mistakenly lean back against something and tighten them them selves.. and that nerve aggravation is generally temporary... never seen one permanent case of it in 30 years, heard prisoners bitch about it every day...
It is rare that any real physical harm comes from the use of handcuffs when they are properly applied and used as intended, as TEMPORARY restraints.. I saw red hands on a regular basis... happens daily, in hundreds of arrest in just about every jurisdiction in the world... apply them snug enough to hold and not be able to slip out of them,but not tight enough to cut circulation. After folks settle down, lock them.. besides, when the police arrive, they will swap them out with their own cuffs anyway... they don't want to explain the pink fuzzy ones to the jailer either.. But trust me, they will ask you, and hopefully keep a straight face..
Now as far as safety in applying handcuffs, toss them to the crook and have him handcuff himself.. it is amazing how compliant they can be when staring down the barrel of a hog leg.. I have done this myself when dealing with multiple suspects... Have them handcuff themselves to somehing solid and immobile... unless they set the house on fire, you should be OK..
Bottom line, check your own state laws, check your own gut.. do what your big enough to do... within those guidelines..