eldon519,
You can't shoot someone for simple theft, it has to be theft
during the nighttime. Your quote confirms that. That eliminates the use of deadly force for all theft that doesn't happen at night.
Your quote is a paraphrased version of 9.42.2 and 9.42.3 That is not the only part of the law that applies.
§ 9.42 starts off with 9.42.1 which says that deadly force can only be justified if 9.41 is satisfied too.
Here's the entire text of the law that applies:
§ 9.41. PROTECTION OF ONE'S OWN PROPERTY. (a) A person in lawful possession of land or tangible, movable property is justified in using force against another when and to the degree the actor reasonably believes the force is immediately necessary to prevent or terminate the other's trespass on the land or unlawful interference with the property.
(b) A person unlawfully dispossessed of land or tangible, movable property by another is justified in using force against the other when and to the degree the actor reasonably believes the force is immediately necessary to reenter the land or recover the property if the actor uses the force immediately or in fresh pursuit after the dispossession and:
(1) the actor reasonably believes the other had no claim of right when he dispossessed the actor; or
(2) the other accomplished the dispossession by using force, threat, or fraud against the actor.
§ 9.42. DEADLY FORCE TO PROTECT PROPERTY. A person is justified in using deadly force against another to protect land or tangible, movable property:
(1) if he would be justified in using force against the other under Section 9.41; and
(2) when and to the degree he reasonably believes the deadly force is immediately necessary:
(A) to prevent the other's imminent commission of arson, burglary, robbery, aggravated robbery, theft during the nighttime, or criminal mischief during the nighttime; or
(B) to prevent the other who is fleeing immediately after committing burglary, robbery, aggravated robbery, or theft during the nighttime from escaping with the property; and
(3) he reasonably believes that:
(A) the land or property cannot be protected or recovered by any other means; or
(B) the use of force other than deadly force to protect or recover the land or property would expose the actor or another to a substantial risk of death or serious bodily injury.
Note that the deadly force section demands that all the requirements of section 9.41, regarding the use of force (but not deadly force) must also be satisfied.
It's also important to keep in mind that burglary (breaking into an occupied residence/building to steal), robbery and aggravated robbery are not, strictly speaking, simple property crimes. They all involve either violence or significant threat to the defender in and of themselves.
You can prevent arson with deadly force but that's largely because arson is also a dangerous crime. Fires are dangerous and can easily result in deaths or serious injuries before they're put out. So this isn't really a good example of defending property--more an example of preventing a crime that is potentially life-threatening.
What it comes down to in TX is that you can use deadly force to prevent the following crimes that are truly property crimes: criminal mischief and theft or you can use it to recover property stolen in a burglary, stolen in a robbery or stolen in a theft that took place during the nighttime.
You can use deadly force to prevent criminal mischief and theft ONLY if
ALL of the following conditions apply:
- The crimes happen at night AND
- You were in lawful possession of the property in question prior to the incident AND
- You reasonably believe that only force can prevent the damage/loss of property AND
- You reasonably believe that immediate action is necessary to prevent the damage/loss of property AND
- The force is used immediately AND
- You reasonably believe the person taking the property has no legal claim on it (i.e. no shooting the repo man) OR you know he's taking it by force, threat or fraud AND
- You reasonably believe that deadly force is immediately necessary to prevent the crime AND
- You reasonably believe that only the use of deadly force can prevent the crime OR that using any other method (besides deadly force) would expose you or another innocent to substantial risk of serious injury or death.
You can use deadly force to recover property stolen in a burglary, stolen in a robbery or stolen in a theft that took place during the nighttime ONLY if
ALL of the following conditions apply:
- You were in lawful possession of the property in question prior to the incident AND
- You reasonably believe that only force can recover the property AND
- You reasonably believe that immediate action is necessary to recover the property AND
- The force is used in "fresh pursuit" AND
- You reasonably believe the person taking the property has no legal claim on it (i.e. no shooting the repo man) OR you know he took it by force, threat or fraud AND
- You reasonably believe that deadly force is immediately necessary to recover the property AND
- You reasonably believe that only the use of deadly force can recover the property OR that using any other method (besides deadly force) would expose you or another innocent to substantial risk of serious injury or death.
It's worth pointing out that most people insure their property and insurance is a "way to protect against and recover property losses without exposing the owner to substantial risk of death or serious bodily injury." If a prosecutor takes that approach it would mean that you could only use deadly force to recover stolen property that was uninsured and where all the other listed conditions applied as well.
It's also worth pointing out that even if you are justified under the law you can still be sued in civil court. If that happens it will very likely cost you more than the property you saved by shooting someone.
There was an incident today in the Dallas area where a jeweler shot at a man who snatched a ring and ran out of the store with it. The jeweler's actions are not justified under TX law because it wasn't a burglary or a robbery, it was a simple theft. Since it didn't take place at night there is no grounds for using deadly force to attempt to recover the property or to prevent the theft. The jeweler can be charged with attempted murder.