How weapons today compare to the guns of the wild west. ... Would the 357mag be a superior handgun against the 44 or 45 colts of that time. ...
How about our pistol calibers. 40S&W or 45acp. how would they stand up to the revolvers then.....
The question starts off on handguns, and than addresses calibers. I hope this is on point.
Many of the handguns in the "wild west" were in fact cavalry arms. Many of those that were not issued to cavalrymen were nonetheless carried by horsemen.
The first Colt .44 revolvers were cap and ball weapons; they were really .45 caliber, but that's another story. They were far superior to single shot weapons, but they could not compare to cartridge conversions or to the Model 1873 Colt, to the later Remingtons, or to the Smith and Wesson top-breaks when it came to use in a firefight, where the ability to reload quickly was very important. Thus, the Army adopted the Colt Single Action Army revolver and the Smith and Wesson Schofield, and civilians ultimately switched to the various cartridge revolvers that were availbale.
How does "our" .45 ACP compare with the revolvers of the old days? Well, the SAA was
first replaced by a double action revolver with a swing-out cylinder and simultaneous ejection, for reasons that should be patently obvious.
When the cartridge used in the new .38 revolver proved to be quite inadequate, a return to a .45 was embarked upon. Before a modern revolver in .45 (the Model 1909) could be adopted, the semi automatic pistol had evolved.
The result was the Colt .45 Automatic, which in later form was adopted by the Army as the Model of 1911.
The Model 1911 in .45 ACP was intended for the same purpose as the Single Action Army: it was primarily a cavalry sidearm; there were no mechanized units in the Army when the trials began, and automobiles really did not appear in combat until 1916.
Thus, the semi-auto in .45 ACP replaced the earlier guns, including the .45 Colt revolvers, in cavalry applications, because was clearly very superior to revolvers in terms of effectiveness.
By that time the "wild west" had been largely "civilized", and the ability to reload rapidly and repeatedly was a lot less important for civilians, of course, so there was probably no really compelling need for them to switch to more modern weapons.
That having been said, more modern double action revolvers squeezed the single action models completely out of the commercial marketplace, with the later resurgence of the latter coming about as a result of demand driven by movies and television.
As to the question of the .357 Magnum vs. the older calibers, one can only assume that the lighter weight of the ammunition load would have made the .357 very appealing to the western horseman, had it been available.