Shot placement has no value here. Assume the same shot placement.
Well, in practical terms both will get the job done. As others have exhaustively pointed out, shot placement is more critical that caliber. I would agree with that as far as it goes.The 10mm is a high velocity round that fires a 40 cal bullet at very high speeds. while the 45 fires a big 45 caliber bullet at a slow speed but still hits very hard. Both seem to be at the opposite ends of what makes up good stopping power, small and fast vs big and slow. Which one do you think has better stopping power.
My .45 holds 8+1 rounds; my 10 holds 15+1.
So the 10 has more stopping power.
The 10mm is clearly faster and more powerful, but I sincerely doubt that anyone could describe a shot that would be fatal with a 10mm that would not be fatal with a .45.