Tale of Two S&W 38 Double Actions

Johnm1

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I started to write this entire story as a single post but after 3 hours I figured that I'd lose most people. So I'll start with a summary and I'll add posts of what I learned tinkering with these two 38 DAs. I did learn a lot these past two weeks.

Long story short yeah, not really possible with me) I bought a 38 DA 3rd model about 10 years ago. It didn't function well, but it did function sort of. Very gritty action and I could stage the full cock by slowly pulling the trigger in double action. It also only had one click when it reached full cock. I figured this wasn't right but at least all of the parts were there. Almost all of the nickel was missing but it did have a good bore/cylinders and the latch lock up was very good. I don't remember what I paid for it but it wasn't much. A couple of years later I bought another 38 DA 3rd model parts gun. This one had a longer barrel and most of its nickel finish though the latch lock up wasn't as good. And a couple of years later I bought a small parts kit off of the internet That I probably over paid for but again, I don't remember (plausible deniability for she who must be obeyed) I tinkered with moving the parts from the first 38 to the later better looking 38. It still wasn't working well as the staging issue remained, but it was a bit smoother. About this time last year I took it out to the desert for function testing along with a bunch of other black powder cartridge guns I have and had been working on. I loaded up some 22 (short), 6.5 EDIT 5.6 Velo Dog, and 32 and 38 S&W all with black power. Here is what I brought. The 38 DA I bought with the mix of parts inside is bottom center:

BP Pistols2.jpg

On an unrelated note, I never really liked nickle plated guns. But I have dozens of them now)

I had a ton to shoot that day and when I got to the 38 DA I found that it bound up with ammunition in the cylinder. I put it away and forgot about the issue. My interest in the 38 DA was peeked again after my recent purchase of a 32 Single Action that needs no work. Forgetting about the binding problem from a year ago I proceeded to investigate the parts and how they worked and learned several things in the process. I'll go into the details of what I learned in later posts to the thread. But I did manage to get rid of the staging issue and was left with an intermittent bind that I felt for sure was the hand binding on the ratchet. As it turns out the little bit of latch play is enough to cause the hand to not quite reach the ratchet teeth from time to time. I tried holding down the latch with my hand and found that the intermittent bind went away. Cool, I had worked the action parts by swapping some, fixing others and replacing others with new parts from Jack First. And lo and behold I got the action purring like a kitten. Three distinct clicks.

https://photos.app.goo.gl/VUr6wNrSyYo6d7zx7


It was time to function test and I loaded some primer only cases and was rudely reminded of the binding issue with ammunition in the cylinder from last year. As sweet as it was, it couldn't be fired. Turns out the base pin, the pin the cylinder rotates on, was bent. I'll get into that in a later post.

So, on to the original 38 DA. Move parts, and I bought parts from Jack First. The one part I didn't buy was a new rear sear as I had one and I thought I could make it work. Not the case, so I had to move the rear sear from the revolver with the bind to this revolver. As it turns out I pretty much used all of the parts I had tuned in the revolver with the bind into the other revolver. But I was able to get it to work almost perfectly.

https://photos.app.goo.gl/YoCeF7QzfDfH5TfW9

The last thing I need to do before it is 'Perfect' is to add a smidge to the top of the hand. If I pull the hammer back real slow in single action the cylinder doesn't quite rotate enough to make it so the cylinder stop makes it into the slot on the cylinder.

I'll post a video when it is function tested with live ammunition. I still have the box of black powder 38 S&W I loaded for it last year.

So much for the summary. Over the next few days/weeks I'll post to this thread some of the challenges these revolvers pose.

 
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honestly, I didn't read your whole post, but that picture of fun guns you have there I find captivating and a bit jealous of. what is the cartrdige on the bottom right?
 
honestly, I didn't read your whole post

That isn't unusual. At work I learned that I have to account for managers who only skim my e mails. Heck, and that was the Readers Digest version of the story!

what is the cartrdige on the bottom right?

It is a 6.5 EDIT 5.6 Velo dog. Basically a centerfire 22 LR. I made them from cut down 22 CCM brass. That one was designed for smokeless but it is very hard to measure smokeless powder close enough to not over charge it. Depending on the powder 0,20 grains too much might put you over pressire. There is precious little data on smokeless 22 load data.
 
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I posted this in another thread. It is a great animation of how the older S&W Double Actions work. This will be useful in the remaining discussions on these double actions.



FYI, the 32, 38, and 44 double actions all use the same parts scaled for the revolver's size. This animation will be useful in the discussions that will follow. I'll try to post a picture of the parts when I get home tonight laid out adjacent to each other.

S&W did some 'gymnastics' designing this double action. I'm not sure if it was a progression from the single action that they added parts to or if it was a new design independent of the single action design. I really need to put a timeline together on the models because I think the single and double actions were almost at the same time.
 
Here are the action parts in the approximate location/adjacency to each other

20230202_192732.jpg

However poor the below photograph is, it is attempt to show as many of the parts attached to their securing pins on the outside of the frame. I can't reasonably attach the trigger with its front sear and hand (pawl) attached.

20230202_193308.jpg

Understand that the drop portion of the rear sear and the drop portion of the cylinder stop meet inside a slot cut in the middle of the trigger. This is the 'gymnastics' I mentioned earlier.

20230202_195333.jpg
 
Now that we have the general arrangement settled lets move on to the first issue. And that is the hand.

Currently if I pull hammer back very slow, I can makenit so the cylinder doesn't lo k up.

https://photos.app.goo.gl/PZcwhNXPR5QbUnSZ9

In Double action or even normal single action it locks up. If you notice in the video the amout left for the cylinder to rotate before lock up is almost impreceptable. Here is a picture of a duplicate hand/pawl.

16753967966493798761758155984163.jpg

There are a couple of options

1. Buy a new hand. New hands are available from Jack First. It would have to be fitted and that isn't a small task. Jack First parts come over sized pretty much in all dimensions. Plus I'd have to fit the hand spring as it is a seperate part. There is a risk of breaking the hand fitting the spring though not as great as fitting a spring on a used hand.

2. Use the spare/used hand I have. Though i don't know if it will function better. And I'd still have to install a new hand spring. Again, based on how the hand spring is anchored, there is a risk of breaking the hand.

3. Disrupting the steel on the current hand spring. The risk here is that the hand is almost certainly hardened and might break if hit with a hammer on an anvil. Though the striking force would be quite low.

4. Weld a tiny bit on to the end of the hand and fit and reharden.

5. Soften the trailing edgge of the cylinder stop to allow the stop to more easily slip into the stop notches.

6. Thin the cylinder stop to allow the stop to more easily slip into the stop notches

I'm open for suggestions.
 
Hi John, I recently acquired a hand swaging/ stretcher type widget from a fellow gunsmith. You're welcome to come down and give it a try. I would recommend annealing the hand first and then try the tool on it.
 
Hi John, I recently acquired a hand swaging/ stretcher type widget from a fellow gunsmith. You're welcome to come down and give it a try. I would recommend annealing the hand first and then try the tool on it.

That is interesting. In carpentry the joke is to get the mythical "wood strercher" after cutting something to short. How does it work? I'd assume there is some sort of blow to disrupt the steel. Is that correct? Got a picture?

I'll be passing your place on Thursday on my way to San Simon for a javelina hunt and back again on Sunday. I'm likely to be done by Saturday morning and might be able to schedule a time Saturday afternoon or Sunday if your flexible.

I do have the tools to annel the hand but I'm not sure I have the knowledge or the patience to do it right. And removing the spring is problematic. It is pressed in. Not knowing the alloy/composition of the steel made in 1886/87 all I could do is heat it to austenitic that I'm guessing is say 1350 degrees F. If I cool it at the recommended 68 degtees pef hour, it'd take 18 or so hours to cool. I have a jewlels kiln and a thermocouple but neither are computer controlled. So I'd have to reduce the temperature by hand. Im sure I could fit a new hand in 18 hours. Depending on how the tool works it might be just as efficient to try in its hardened state and if it breaks just get a replacement. In reality I'm not sure how hard the hand actually is.
 
The tool is a cylinder with a ram that is whacked with a hammer. The hand is placed in a window in the cylinder on top of a built in adjustable anvil. I will try to take some photos of it.
 
What are your thoughts about annealing the hand first?

With something that old, your guess is as good as mine. Can you get a sense of how hard/brittle it is by trying to file it in a spot that won't matter to function? Does it have any dents from impacting other parts of the gun?
 
I usually just heat the part red hot and let it cool down on the bench, works good for most of the parts I work on.
 
Here is a picture
With something that old, your guess is as good as mine. Can you get a sense of how hard/brittle it is by trying to file it in a spot that won't matter to function? Does it have any dents from impacting other parts of the gun?

Here is a picture of duplicate hand. I hzve two identical pistols/parts. I've scratched it with a file. It wasn't difficult to scratch. You can also see existing scratches as well as how worn the contacting surface is.

Screenshot_20230205-211638_Gallery.jpg
 
That color looks like it Breilum Copper. The heat treating on it is no where close to what steel is. So look it up before you apply heat.

I take terrible pictures. The color is an artifact of the light. The piece is made out of steel.
 
I would still anneal it just to be sure

A full 18 hours to bring it to fully annealed? Or are we talking about getting it hot and letting it cool on its own?

FYI - here is a short video of the 38 DA firing. I was making sure the cylinder was lined up.

https://photos.app.goo.gl/qdSD62afJ4Td7spa9

It had an odd report. Almost like a blank black powder load. I wonder if the bullet was undersized and allowed pressure to pass by? They were the correct 0.361 bullets though.

You will notice I tried to fire the round by lowering the hammer on a live round and wasn't able to just to see if I could do it. I tried 4 times and wasn't able to. I also tried to fire the weapon by closing the laction on a live round with the firing pin exposed. And I wasn't able to do that either. I think under the right circumstances it could fire by either method, dropping the hammer or closing the action on a live round with the firing pin exposed. So I'm not offering this up as a safe thing to do.
 
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