These are always fun hypothetical situations. Sure, the location has a significant impact on such a scenario as does the individual’s skill and ability to survive in such a location regardless of the firearm.
There are plenty of real-world stories where people have been put in such situations and survived without a firearm. I personally “believe in having and not needing” vice “needing and not having”. Additionally most experts say that survival is more of a mental struggle than a struggle against the elements. Having a firearm for many (including me) is more of a morale booster when I’m outdoors; maybe not necessary, but a significant factor in creating peace of mind…still without skill they really might actually have to pry that gun from my cold, dead fingers with rigor mortis and a frozen smile on my face
USRSOG is an expert group of trainers with a focus more on military escape and evasion training. Their preferred method of such a firearm is a .22LR semi-auto pistol with some type of optic; compact, quick follow up shots and more than accurate for the majority of small game.
I would still consider packing along a compact fishing kit and some small-game snares as “real” survival is about maximizing your odds and taking advantage of every opportunity. Firearms are often dedicated “active” methods of bagging game. Trot lines and snares are often more effective and are passive methods which allow individuals to multi-task and increase their economy of efforts. Still, a firearm is a great tool for opportunity hunting and given the fact small game is often more prevalent, I see small caliber rifles (or pistols) are adequately effective.
My classic woods bumming gun is the Savage Model 24 Camper, .22LR over 20-gauge. I really like the 20-gauge as you can carry much more effective shells but still pack a lot .22LR for most hunting needs.
Marlin Papoose, M6 Scout and Taurus Model 62, take-down:
I actually think the Marlin Papoose is a very good choice, but my favorite, despite the weight, is the M6 Scout. Mine is the .22LR over the .410 with an added Trijicon Reflex sight. I’ve had success on fowl and small game out to 25-30 yards. I even killed a 50 pound beaver with it. It’s not perfect as I mentioned, it is heavy for its size; it doesn’t shoot .410 slugs very well (at least in my M6) and many complain about the funky trigger. Despite those, it’s very accurate for the .22LR and more than adequate for bird shot and buckshot in the .410; the action is very simple and robust.
If I was anywhere near an area with serious large predator threats, I would be packing a .44 Mag or similar large caliber pistol if I didn't have a high-caliber hunting rifle. I backpack, kayak and mountain bike with a Glock 23 .40 S&W with a mag full of 200 gr. Hardcast ammo. Add your other outdoors essentials and your preferred rifle, the only other survival need would be practiced skill.
ROCK6