Handgun Caliber Selection Insight

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I skimmed through that Wapato, and I think I agree and disagree with him.

I'd like to know what rounds are skipping off of bone (i.e. FMJ or JHP). I think the roundnose would get deflected easier. If they are skipping off bone, then I'll still carry my LCP (because I don't think I know of a .40 or .45 in that size range, and it probably would take off my hand if I had one), but will think again about getting a 9 down the road.

I also think:

Finally, just a couple of answers to questions: First, Houston is mostly right in assuming that multiple rounds seen from the 9mm and .380 are from the higher magazine capacity and controllability of the two calibers. Again, however, much of it is due to the fact that these two calibers just aren't getting the job done before the other BG returns fire and sends our BG to gangbanger heaven. Yes, the shots were eventually lethal, but many times not immediately so. And, yes, they CAN BE an effective weapon IF placed in a lethal area and IF the bullet gets the job done once it gets there instead of skipping off in a non-lethal direction. My advice, however, is to get a larger caliber such as a .40 or .45, practice until you're comfortable with it, and use it as your carry gun, not the 9mm or .380. Practice will greatly reduce the first IF mentioned above, and a larger caliber will greatly reduce the other.

I don't think people were shooting once and waiting to see if BG fell. I think people thought "I've got 15 rounds, if I spend 5 I've still got 10 left) and fired them in 2 seconds. Hence the problem with 1SS stats.
 
Skribs I'm pretty sure that morgue article has been discredited, for one thing it reads like a blatantly obvious made-up essay on the author's notions of how bullets work, I mean 9mm is supposedly skipping off bones while the similiar velocity and sectional density .40 S&W is crushing it?

Really? Sorry but penetration is a property of sectional density and velocity, bullet weight alone doesn't give much information on how a bullet will penetrate. I'm pretty sure some dude was having fun advancing his "no caliber that doesn't start with either .4 or 10" beliefs in that story.
 
People check out the morgue article, his numbers dont' make sense, basically the guy is doing multiple GSW autopsies a day, and the numbers he claims exceeded the TOTAL dead (murder/suicide I think) in Atlanta and surrounding counties

I carry a P32 as my EDC, I find discretion a high value in some of the circles I am in (think mothers with young children)

I'm of the honest opinion that it's good for only one attacker + and that I MUST MUST MUST carefully aim. But such is life with a pocket mouse.
 
NG that makes sense. I didn't believe it right away, I was just wondering if it was possible. After all, someone made the claim that a hit dead on would penetrate but at an angle it would skip, which makes some sense based on how angled armor works on tanks. The only penetration through bone tests I've seen have been at direct angles to the fake bone plate.
 
yeah, an oblique hit on heavier bones can certainly cause a bullet to deflect from it's original path. It has a lot to do with the nose shape of the bullet, the shape and toughness of the bone that got hit, and especially the angle of the dangle.

Jim Cirillo wrote about a time when two of his colleagues shot a pretty big guy numerous times in the head with lead round nose bullets from short barreled .38 revolvers, and they apparently managed to hit off-center with all of their shots, because the guy lived. I think a bullet with less momentum is easier to divert, certainly the very high velocity and very high mass calibers (not just pistol, all of 'em) won't be as easily deflected.

Picture a round-nose bullet like 9mm FMJ connecting with a heavy, rounded bone, like the left side of the skull above the outer edge of your eyebrow. If it hits the skull with the tip of the bullet, even if it is on a path that would have it pass through the forehead and leave through the side of the skull a couple of inches later, it will most likely not be deflected. Now imagine the same bullet, hitting the same spot, but fired from someone further to the right of the shootee, so this time the bullet connects with the ogive first instead of the tip.

That shot would probably glance off the skull and continue on its merry way without losing significant speed and without having caused much more than a little divot in the flesh and a scrape against the skull. A slightly better placed shot against the same skull with the same bullet would have very different results, and pretty much any caliber would behave the same with a shot like that.


I'm trying to graphically depict my understanding of how bullets can deflect off of hard objects like bones, hopefully I've painted a fairly accurate description of their real behavior, and hopefully I effectively communicated what I was trying to describe.
 
.45 ACP - Performance wise, the .45 is very comparable to the .40 with significant difference in velocity...the .45 being quite a bit slower.
Not if you compare apples to apples.

A 180 grain .40 S&W will be just shy of 1,000 fps.

A 185 grain .45 ACP will just about match that, and a +P load in 185 grain will reach about 1,150 fps.
 
NG, how would a JHP function in that scenario? They're not nearly as pointed.

Another thing - if you aim COM, and you hit COM, no matter your angle, you'd hit it dead on.
 
People check out the morgue article, his numbers dont' make sense, basically the guy is doing multiple GSW autopsies a day, and the numbers he claims exceeded the TOTAL dead (murder/suicide I think) in Atlanta and surrounding counties.

It's the internet, so who knows, but that isn't what he claimed. It sounds like mostly he works with decomposed bodies, but he likes to look over
x-rays/reports from the medical examinor and/or observe them work at least when firearms are involved.

We'd probably do the same if we had the access and could count it as billable hours right?

I don't think people were shooting once and waiting to see if BG fell. I think people thought "I've got 15 rounds, if I spend 5 I've still got 10 left) and fired them in 2 seconds. Hence the problem with 1SS stats.

There was a study on one shot stopping done by somebody else, and I think that's a valid criticism. I'd expect to see more rounds in somebody if they don't go down with the first few, but you should be able to double tap somebody before you could perceive that the first round severed the upper spine.

But this is a bit different in that he's talking about what he's seeing bullets do. Specifically that he's seeing 9mm and .380 rounds fragmenting or deflecting after hitting bone, whereas he can't recall a .45 round doing that, and he seems to think .40s are pretty good too.

It isn't a scientific study by any means. However it should give one pause, and the annoying thing is that I don't know of a more scientific study.

Really? Sorry but penetration is a property of sectional density and velocity, bullet weight alone doesn't give much information on how a bullet will penetrate. I'm pretty sure some dude was having fun advancing his "no caliber that doesn't start with either .4 or 10" beliefs in that story.

Well lets be clear what this is about.

There are different sorts of penetration. There is penetrating a gaseous media. We consider this as drag, and that isn't what we're talking about.

There is penetration as in how many mm of RHA armor you can get through, and that's not it either.

There is penetration through a gel, which is looked at a lot, but directly isn't the issue I'm raising.

There is frangibility, which I am bringing up. Now some rounds are meant to be frangible, which can be deadly with the right rifle round. But with handguns they tend to result in way to little penetration. An issue from his observations is that the lighter rounds may be much more prone to doing this when they aren't designed to.

Then there is deflection. This is about changing course when you hit something or change media. The human body has a lot of bones and generally you're aiming at something behind them. Presuming your shot placement was good, you don't want the bullet deflecting.

Even if you don't go for the morgue post, you can see this from the "buick o' truth"

Another thing - if you aim COM, and you hit COM, no matter your angle, you'd hit it dead on.

Even if you hit COM, bones are curvey things. So if your initial trajectory is dead on to hit the heart, but the bullet has to get through an Ulna and.or a rib to get there, you not only have to question if the round can make it that far period, but also if it has deflected from its origional path and is now getting nothing but lung.
 
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Probably a little more tolerant of a glancing hit than an FMJ, given that the edge of the cavity could possibly dig in and prevent the bullet from deflecting as easily.

Your tank armor analogy is good, it's the same reason that people will shoot bears in the head and it won't stop them. Their skulls are massive, they are thick and heavy, and they have a very sloped forehead that lets bullets slide past without causing any serious injury.
 
I think what NG VI meant was that it's not just the mass, but the mass, surface area, and velocity that factor in. So something with the same mass and velocity, but less FSA, will penetrate better. It's why tanks use sabot rounds for their kenetic energy penetrators (again using a tank metaphor).

However, it's not penetration you're looking at, it is deflection. Fragmentation is based on this - if fragments break off, each fragment has less mass to carry forward. However, I don't think most handgun rounds are moving fast enough to have more than a few petals break off, so I'm not worried about that so much.

The issue of deflection, if I am at 12:00 and I aim 12:00, but hit 9:00 (glancing blow) the ribs may push the bullet outside of the body. If I am at 9:00 and aim 9:00, then I may get deflected up (lung or neck), down (lung or gut), or I may penetrate through (heart). I'm still hitting stuff if I hit in the middle of the target, as long as I aim for the center of whatever's facing me.
 
However, it's not penetration you're looking at, it is deflection. Fragmentation is based on this - if fragments break off, each fragment has less mass to carry forward. However, I don't think most handgun rounds are moving fast enough to have more than a few petals break off, so I'm not worried about that so much.

Shoot a handgun round so that half of it hits steel and I bet a lot of them are going to turn into fragments.

Sounds like with some rounds that can happen when they hit bone.

The issue of deflection, if I am at 12:00 and I aim 12:00, but hit 9:00 (glancing blow) the ribs may push the bullet outside of the body. If I am at 9:00 and aim 9:00, then I may get deflected up (lung or neck), down (lung or gut), or I may penetrate through (heart). I'm still hitting stuff if I hit in the middle of the target, as long as I aim for the center of whatever's facing me.

Well, you're still hitting stuff so long as it doesn't "skip". But the issue is that if your bullet on target for the spine instead just gets lung and intestines they might still be hitting stuff on your too.

Actually, this making me consider some things differently.

So the target I just happen to usually use looks a lot like:
badguy_crop.jpg


I never really thought much about it, but now I can't help but notice that he's got limbs or chin covering a whole lot of his vitals.

If he was using a two handed grip like most of us use, it seems like he'd be covering up everything from his liver to his brain with that crouch of his.
 
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Rounds penetrate bone a lot better than steel. See the brassfetcher fake bone tests. Even the .380 usually just clogged up, it didn't break. At an angle, I can see a couple petals breaking off on the bone side while the rest gets deflected.

Well, you're still hitting stuff so long as it doesn't "skip". But the issue is that if your bullet on target for the spine instead just gets lung and intestines they might still be hitting stuff on your too.

Or the heart. Even on a heart shot, you still have enough blood pressure in your brain for a few seconds. If you don't hit the upper spine, the person will still have control over his arms.

I never really thought much about it, but now I can't help but notice that he's got limbs or chin covering a whole lot of his vitals.

That's why the FBI recommends 12-18" minimum of penetration, in case you hit at an oblique angle and/or have arms in the way. Imagine if he wasn't exactly facing you - you may have even more to penetrate through.
 
Rounds penetrate bone a lot better than steel. See the brassfetcher fake bone tests. Even the .380 usually just clogged up, it didn't break. At an angle, I can see a couple petals breaking off on the bone side while the rest gets deflected.

Interesting, though I could only get the 9mm and .40 pdfs to work.

I could see that being a test for the sternum dead on without passing through anything first.

However arm bones, the collarbone, and ribs are curved so I would expect them to add deflection.


And if you go through some flesh in the arm prior to hitting the sternum or if you go through pectoral muscle before hitting a rib I'd expect the bullets to have opened up, which could change things dramatically in terms of how much velocity the bullets lose, if they fragment, and the manner in which they might experience deflection.

Looking at myself in the mirror, I notice that when in a weaver stace my support arm in particular is covering up a lot of vitals.


Or the heart. Even on a heart shot, you still have enough blood pressure in your brain for a few seconds. If you don't hit the upper spine, the person will still have control over his arms.

True. Shockwaves going up the brain to cause damage seemsquite real from some studies I've read...but also really unreliable.

Still, you're going to want to minimize the number of seconds they have, and want to have a bullet that will crunch the spine if it reaches it after going through a bunch of tissue and bone first.

I'm dubious about a bullet that barely does 12" in gelatin pulling that off through my upper arm. But I suppose there are tradeoffs in terms of reduced expansion and reduced chance of pressure shock effects if you want more penetration.
 
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Place a 6'' circle on a larger target and stand about 6-7 yards away.
The timer is used to measure the time between the 1st & 2nd shot.
Only count the pair if BOTH shots hit the circle to "qualify", close doesn't count in this little drill.
After a couple of practice runs start keeping track of qualifying pairs and average them after about a dozen qualifying pairs.
You think the 9mm will always win right? Not so.

What were the splits (time between shots) with the various guns and calibers?

If it's too long, then we're talking about a different dynamic.

I agree, you can discover quite a bit of useful information with a shot timer.
 
What were the splits (time between shots) with the various guns and calibers?

If it's too long, then we're talking about a different dynamic.

I agree, you can discover quite a bit of useful information with a shot timer.

Pulling the trigger fast is one thing, keeping both shots on the 6'' circle is the trick.
When I did that drill last summer I averaged .19 sec. (1st - 2nd shot) with the XSE Commander using 230 gr. ammo and Glock 19 with +P. One difference other than the obvious, the Commander had XS Big Dot sights which I feel offered an advantage.

I did the drill yesterday with a Glock 29 SF 10mm and Hornady 155 gr. XTP which I chronographed at 1,278 fps average, that's 562# KE.
I did not expect to do very well given the power of the round and my lack of practice in this particular drill, not to mention that I'd only recently got the 20 SF (enough disclaimers yet?). After about 6 practice pairs I shot several more pairs using the unforgiving :rolleyes: timer. I was pleasantly rewarded / surprised with about .27 sec between 1st & 2nd shot on average while keeping both the rounds on the 6'' circle from 6-7 yards.

I start the timer, get myself ready with pistol on target and then shoot pairs. How long the entire process takes is not what's getting measured, not time to first shot, just time between pairs.

That may suck, but I don't typically do much of anything quickly.
 
Obviously, making both shots hit the the target is key.

.19 isn't bad at all. I was afraid you'd say it was upwards of 1/2 a second, which would reveal shortcomings in technique as opposed to proper recoil management.

I'm sure you can get your 10mm splits closer to .20 in one practice session.
 
I don't put placement at the top of the list. The reality of defensive shooting is that you are unlikely to get any kind of ideal shot placement. Or at least you can't count on it. One or both of you are likely to be moving, you are under extreme stress, you may be wounded already, etc. I like the bullet that is the most likely to cause the most cm3 of tissue damage possible.
 
I don't put placement at the top of the list. The reality of defensive shooting is that you are unlikely to get any kind of ideal shot placement. Or at least you can't count on it. One or both of you are likely to be moving, you are under extreme stress, you may be wounded already, etc. I like the bullet that is the most likely to cause the most cm3 of tissue damage possible.

I agree with your sentiments, which is why I get nervous when you see people saying that a mousegun is just as good as anything else so long as you have good shot placement.

However shot placement is still an important consideration, however it's one that I'd blend in with recoil when in the context of recoil, because if there is one thing studies of handgun rounds agree on it's that sometimes one shot just isn't going to cut it, even COM. So you need to be able to make accurate shots fairly rapidly. That's why the .50AE isn't dominating the home defense autopistol market (and cost too I suppose).
 
Wapato, recoil can also have an adverse affect on accuracy. My Mom shoots a 9mm slightly better than me, but a .40 much worse. Also, with all the other factors affecting accuracy, I want a gun that I know I can hit accurately with. But you are right, in most shooting situations, I probably won't hit the heart. But I do want the gun to hit as close to dead on as possible to mitigate the accuracy issue.

Onward, caliber and reliability are not criteria in the OP, so it would be.
 
HoboCoastie
Handgun Caliber Selection Insight

I agree with you on most items but I probably would lean more toward 9mm instead of .40S&W, though. Also for a rifle caliber, I'd stick with 7.62x39 or 5.56 just due to commonality and availability. For a shotty, I'd stick with the tried and true - a Rem 870. Simple and available parts.
 
Wapato, recoil can also have an adverse affect on accuracy.

That's part of what I was trying to get accross, but reading my post I blew it :D

In selecting cartridge I think one has to first decide on the size of weapon they can handle. We're all making compromises there or we'd be in the shotgun or rifle boards. But a finger and a half pocket gun and a ported 6" barrel and going to alter how much cartridge you can handle.

Next you have to figure out how much recoil you can handle and still be sufficiently accurate and fast. For many people this elminates 10mm when loaded hotter than you can get a .40, for some it elminates everything above 9mm which I think is part of why 9mm is so popular in organizations that want to use the same cartridge for everybody.

For most people I think they end up at a recoil level where certian loads for the popular cartridges overlap with 9mm +P+, 357 SIG, .40, and .45 kicking in a similar manner, and then you have to make choices regarding differing diameters, velocity vs weight, grip comfort and capacity and so on.
 
"In closing, I'd like to say that I conducted extensive research over several months"

Oh, I thought it was the result of years of study. ;) Golly gee.
 
H/C,

For the most part, I am in agreement with the most of the order (descending importance) and almost every aspect that you offer for consideration save the extremely negligible effect of "knock-down". You could probably just exclude it from your list.

Even in large rifle calibers, the effect is not enough to merit consideration: a .50 caliber bullet weighing 705 grains at a velocity of 2850 fps would only induce a rearward velocity of -1.5 fps in a person weighing 185 pounds which, ignoring frictional effects, would translate to a rearward displacement of the person by just a few inches if all of its momentum were imparted to the 185 pound person.

I've re-ordered the list for the terminal effects the round would have upon the target first and the platform's response characteristics (like recoil) second since these will be dictated by the mass and configuration (single-stack v. double stack magazine) of the handgun in question.

1) Shot Placement

2) Penetration

3) Expansion

4) Capacity

5) Recoil


Just a suggestion...FWIW

:)
 
Even in large rifle calibers, the effect is not enough to merit consideration: a .50 caliber bullet weighing 705 grains at a velocity of 2850 fps would only induce a rearward velocity of -1.5 fps in a person weighing 185 pounds which, ignoring frictional effects, would translate to a rearward displacement of the person by just a few inches if all of its momentum were imparted to the 185 pound person.

I didn't want to muddy the waters with this. But I think saying knockdown doesn't exist at all may be missing the mark.

I frequently hear something along the lines of "A bullet isn't going to send you flying through the air, otherwise it would send the shooter flying as well."

And that is truish.

However if you clothesline someone running by, or knock someone down with a punch the attacker isn't launched either. Because they're braced for it, and because a big part of it isn't that you're sending them airborn, it's that you're suddenly imparting some sort of rotation or motion and it knocks them off balance, and then gravity does the rest.

I've got a hunch if you went to the gunrange, loaded exactly one round in a powerful rifle/shotgun, held it loosely with open hands a little ways in front of your face (or even shoulder) and then locked your knees or started hustling sideways prior to firing you might well find yourself on the ground.

I'd expect the same to aplly on the other end of the bullet.

Of course if you're actually hitting them center of mass you shouldn't impart much rotation, and if they're charging or braced to fire as well they'd probalby tend not to stumble and fall.

Anyway, for your viewing pleasure:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KpQNoCuar7g&feature=related

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BY2lKEQm8hY&feature=related
 
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