well, can't recite all of them, or get every one spot on as per year, but I'll have a go...
.22LR -- Sometime around 1887 or so. Stevens, I believe, came up with the idea.
.22Magnum -- Announced 1959, first guns in 1960.
.25ACP -- Around 1908, I believe.
.32ACP -- Around 1900.
.32S&W -- 1874ish.
.357Magnum -- Announced late 1934, first guns available in 1935.
.38 Special -- Around 1898/1899 with the Smith & Wesson Military Model Hand Ejector. In other words, the first K frame.
.380ACP -- Around 1898-1900 or so. John Browning had an incredible run over the span of about 10 years.
.40S&W -- I believe 1988 or 1989 is when it first became known.
.45ACP -- 1905.
7.62x25 -- Around 1895 for the Mauser C96.
9x17 -- That's the Mak round, so that would be around 1953 or so, first with the Steichen semi/full auto pistol, I believe.
9x18 -- That's the European designation for the .380 ACP. Answer is the same as above.
9x19 -- 1904, at the behest of the German Navy.
9x23 -- Totally stumped on this one.
10mm -- Around 1983, in the Dornhaus & Dixon Bren 10.